How the Aeneid portrays Caeser Augustus

How the Aeneid portrays Caeser AugustusOne obvious notion of pro-Augustan propaganda that almost serves as a dull reminder of the original purpose of the epic shows up in rule book Six, where Aeneas travels to the under innovation and talks with Anchises. Anchises begins to talk of future heroes of the Ro existence world, and in the midst of the his prophecy, he begins of Caesar Augustus by saying, Here, here is the man, Whom many a time deoxyguanosine monophosphate hearest promised to thee, Augustus Caesar, the son of a being divine. He shall renew once more(prenominal) the Ages of Gold, in the ploughlands of Latium gentleed by Saturn of old, Beyond Garamantes and Indians stretching his empire (6 791-796) This section whitethorn obviously be supportive of Augustus, but it is the plain truth of how Augustus wants his citizens to inspect him. The quote brings up the point that Caesar Augustus is the son of God (Apollo), how he has brought counterinsurgency among the Roman Emp ire, and how Augustus has and will continue to spread the empire. The quote also provides a sense of assurance by saying that Augustus was meant to be the ruler earlier he was all the same born.Throughout deem Two of the Aeneid, over the desolation of Troy, Aeneas shows his great characteristic of piety the loyalty to the gods and to family. In the book, he rescues his incur and the Trojan gods, the Penates, from destructive mayhem at Troys go down by carrying them by himself on his shoulders. These brave acts are throw out up representative of piety. This reflects positively on Augustus, who is also well known for his piety. It is a characteristic that Augustus spent untold of his mastermindership showing to the people of capital of Italy by creating a more family-fri cobblers lastly and religious city by building more housing, temples, and places for socials gatherings. The textual matter shows a connection between both Augustus and Aeneas, where both of these custody put piety high into their priorities. It also prophecies that Augustus will be a great leader for Rome just kindred Aeneas was for the Trojans.Another purpose trait they both share is that they seemingly the lack the desire for power. by and by showing no signs of wanting to lead others Aeneas says, From all sides they had come there, quick at heart, with their chattels, for whatever lands I might take them to, over the sea. And Aeneas, even after all the encouragement, hesitated to digest for a awhile before judge to be leader of the Trojans. This is an obvious parallel with Augustus. Augustus was extremely reluctant to accept the position of consul several times even though he was elected. look at this parallel allows the explanation that in both cases the people nem con wanted Augustus or Aeneas to lead them, However neither preferred to lead at first. This trait can be looked at in a positive or negative manner, however there is a clear connection be Augustus and the Vir gils character, Aeneas.However, in Book Four slight positive notions are being placed upon the view of Augustus. In her last madness, Dido blokes the Roman people for an unknown avenger to to follow the Trojan settlers fire and with sword, to-day, to-morrow, whenever strength shall be given.(624) It seems likely that she speaks of true events to come. Representing the warfares between Rome and Carthage which was to never end until whiz or the other was destroyed. In Book One, Virgil talks about Carthage describing it as a Republic structure much like Romes. And since Rome did come out victorious the curse of Dido symbolizes the destruction of Carthage.Back to Book Two there are slightly more pessimistic observations within the text. Virgil describes the scenes of the assassination of Priam during the destruction of Troy by saying the followingThen Pyrrhus replied Now die. The trembling old man, who slipped in his sons very blood In his left contact he coiled Priams hair, with his right drew aloft his glisten blade, and sank it in Priams side right up to the hilt. So perished the fortunes of Priam such his allotted end, to see Troy set afire and Pergamus fallen, he who aforetime was lord of Asia, adorned with so many a nation and land. He lies on the shore now, a mighty trunk and a head shorn from its shoulders, a body without a name. (545)The death of Priam marked the fall of Troy. However, this disconsolate death is very similar to that of Pompey when he assassinated by the regularizes of Julius Caesar. mill around describes the parallel by saying, As the death of Pompey marked the end of the end of one period in Romes political struggles, so the death of Priam also marked the end of an age in hi bill. (165) Therefore, Augustus commence Julius Caesar was the killer Pompey and therefore, ultimately the killer of the Republic. Since Augustus is the adopted son of Julius Caesar, it brings up a negative point towards Augustus by saying that he could b ecome like Caesar and kill anyone one who stands in his way without any remorse against his enemy.Turnus appears as a somewhat humble character, who initially denies the option of going to war against the Trojans and does retain a lot of pride despite his power. However, the intervention of Allecto, causes him to soak up the attack on the Trojans. But, Turnus humble character is shown at the conclusion, when Turnus pleads and begs for Aeneas to save his manners and keeps no pride. He is unarmed, but is still wearing a booty item from a man of Aeneas that he killed, thus Aeneas kills him in rage. In the last line of the Aeneid Virgil writes, He angrily buried his sword adept in the breast of his foe the body of Turnus grew limp and cold, and down to the shadows below, moaning in protest against it, his soul fled away. When looking at Aeneas like he is Augustus, the story ends very pessimistically. Aeneas had gone against his fathers word that he should be merciful and this is als o very counter-Roman by acting is such a barbaric manner. This is implying Augustus uses tactics that are not respected or speculate to be used by any Roman in order to receive his political power and military strength. Virgil is claiming that Aeneas went about his way to getting his desires in a very immoral manner. Simply put, Augustus receives his power in the same way as Aeneas receiving his reward of the princess Lavinia through the unjust mar of Turnus.Perhaps one of the most pessimistic, but subtle text is the one about the Gate of os in Book Six. Virgil refers to the journey of Aeneas exiting the underworld. Aeneas has the pickaxe between two specific gates in order to abandon the underworld. One called the Gate of Horn which would simply bring him back to the touchable world and the other is called the Gate of Ivory where those who enter, enter a world of faux dreams. And with the guidance of his father Aeneas walked through Gate of Ivory.When using the image of Ae neas as Caesar Augustus, Virgil does not view Augustus as a wise man or great hero. By sending Aeneas in the Gate of Ivory Virgil claiming that Augustus is using his power in a manner that is virtually change with false dreams, and that he convincing citizens and senators to follow him by giving them false hope.This might also create false hope among all of the empire. This text clearly disagrees with almost everything that Augustus stands for. With Anchises guiding him foreshadow of what disappointments are sure to occur. Anchises attempts to monish Aeneas to be merciful to everyone showing how Virgil disagrees with Augustus methods of unnecessary violence and foreshadows Aeneas killing Turnus.

History of Dopamine Research

History of Dopamine exploreRestorationIn 1957, a Swedish scientist named Arvid Carlsson was experimenting with a new antipsycholtc medicate called reserpine. Injection of the drug to rabbits temporarily paralyzed them. Carlsson specu noveld that the reserpine blocked a key neurotransmitter in the mind, resulting a chemical imbalance causing the symptoms. He expected a chemical called levodopa, or levodopa, could be converted into noradrenaline in the mind-set to restore the chemical imbalance. It runed the rabbits became alert and moved normally. solely when he examined the chemicals in their brain, he notice that the L-dopa had been converted non into noradrenaline, but into a different compound called dopamine.Most neurologists at the prison term regarded dopamine as an unimportant chemical, but Carlsson was convinced that dopamine was an requirement neurotransmitter for the brain to function. He suggested that dopamine inadequateness was the reason for Parkinsons diseas e.Carlssons suggestion invigorate two Austrian researchers, Herbert Ehringer, and Oleh Hornykiewicz. They examined autopsied brains and comprise that parkinsonian brains had virtually no dopamine. Teaming up with atomic number 101 Walther Birkmayer, Hornykiewicz proved that, besides the black stuff, dopamine was also missing from the substantia common raccoon region.Their work formed the basis of a new dopamine-centered supposition of PD. This theory suggested a possible cure for PD. Be pillowcase if dopamine deficiency causes PD, then the crystal clear solution is to replace the missing chemical. further getting the drug into the brain is not as simple as taking a pill. The brain is protected by the blood-brain barrier, which blocks certain neurotransmitters like dopamine from directly stretchiness the brain. Instead, the brain manufactures its own dopamine from chemicals like L-dopa, which can pass finished the blood-brain barrier as Carlsson had shown with his rabbits ex periment. Birkmayer and Hornkiewicz administered small quantities of L-dopa intravenously into 20 patients with travel Parkinsons disease and found L-dopa worked. The patients could now walk, talk and stand up like normal.But umpteen scientists were unconvinced, thinking it was a placebo effect. In 1966, a controlled double-blind trial of the drug concluded that the drug had no effect on Parkinsons symptoms. Worse, one-third of patients suffered serious side effect much(prenominal) as gamy blood pressure and nausea.Despite the skepticism, a few scientists believed L-dopa capacity be in force(p) once the correct dose was determined. In 1967, Swiss chemists discovered that adding carbidopa, an enzyme block, enabled more of the L-dopa to reach the bloodstream rather than universe broken down in the bloodstream. With this new regimen for carbidopa-levodopa, the US scientist George Cotzias found that a group of 18 patients made spectacular improvements in their travel function.I n the late 1960s, a neuroscientist named Roger Duvoisin was experimenting with L-dopa to treat PD. He interact his first case with carbidopa-levodopa in December 1967. The effect was so melodramatic he was quickly convinced. He videotaped his patients before and after each treatment. The renewal of the patients before and after the treatment was so convincing that the Food and medicine Administration quickly approved the drug for the routine treatment of PD.But clinicians soon discovered that after starting L-dopa for a calendar month or two, the patients displayed new disabling motor side effects such as involuntary writhing movements called dyskinesias (Greek for bad movements). And the drug became less effective over time. Sometimes, the power of the drug suddenly vanished without warning. And some patients suffered side effects like confusion, agitation, paranoia, and hallucinations. Neurologists called these side effects motor complications.Because of these side effects o f L-dopa, many neurologists start patients with a less powerful class of drugs called dopamine agonists. find in the 1970s, dopamine agonists work by pretending to be dopamine. season the brain isnt actually receiving dopamine, it thinks it is and reacts accordingly. They ar half as effective as L-dopa and have their own set of side effects, ranging from nausea to balance attacks to compulsions. Research shows that one in ten patients are susceptible to impulse-control swage (ICD).PD patients are very lucky to have L-dopa. There are no equivalent for other neurodegenerative illnesses such as Huntingtons, Lou Gehrigs, or Alzheimers. L-dopa turned Parkinsons from a rapid slide into immobility and death contain into a chronic disease with the gradual trajectory of decline.By the late 1960s, scientists had made enormous progress since James Parkinsons 1817 essay. They could diagnose the disease and remember its underlying pathology. They also discovered drugs that can relieve the symptoms, albeit temporarily. But what or so its causes? Is it genetic or is it caused by something in the environment? Understanding the cause might well lead to a cure.Keep TakeawaysIn 1957, Arvid Carlsson discovered that L-dopa converts into dopamine in the brain of rabbits. He suggested that dopamine deficiency was the reason for Parkinsons disease.Herbert Ehringer, Oleh Hornykiewicz, and Walther Birkmayer discovered that dopamine was missing from the substantia nigra of the brains of PD patients. Their work formed the basis of a new dopamine-centered theory of PD.By the late 1960s, Walther Birkmayer, Oleh Hornykiewics, George Cotzias, and Roger Duvoisin showed that levodopa could temporarily relieve parkinsonian symptoms in humans.After starting levodopa for a month or two, PD patients experience levodopa-induced side effects called motor complications.

History Of Kfc The Restaurant Commerce Essay

History Of Kfc The Restaurant Commerce Es introduceWhen we argon precept ab out(a) the Kentucky Fried chickenhearted its cosmopolitanly recognized as KFC, is a chain of fast forage eating places ground in Louisville, Kentucky. It was a enoughy live withed foot soldier of Tricon since 1997-2002 it has been a fully owned subsidiary of Yum. The chain similarly publicizes itself as the Poulet Frit du Kentucky or its publicized as P F K in the posit of Quebec in Canada. This family mainly vends the chicken as in the form of Pieces, Wraps, Salads the burgers. Although its main focal rate is on Fried chicken it as well as offers a placard of roasted chicken dietstuffs, sides deserts. KFC Comp both is offering beef based nutrition stuff such as burgers or kebabs, pork based fare stuff such as ribs additional regional fargon distant of North America. Because of their popularity uniqueness the comp somewhat(prenominal) has led to the common formula of the fry chick en, fast food restaurant is being copied by the owners of the restaurants worldwide.The company KFC was realized as Kentucky Fried sniveller by Colonel Harland Sanders in the year of 1952, though the idea of establishing this company was in the year back in 1930. really KFC was born raised in Henryville Indiana sanders had been conceded throughout several professions in his life eyepatch. Also the fo downstairs of KFC, Sanders provided the fried chicken for the first time in the year 1930 in the center segment of Great belief at a gas station where he owned in North Corbin, Kentucky. In that give awayicular place the dining room was named as the Sanders Court caf it was much successful through the year 1936 then by and by that Kentucky G all e actuallywherenor Ruby Laffoon granted sanders the designation of honorary Kentucky Colonel, in wonder of his involvement to the states cuisine. After that the following(a) year he prolonged his restaurant by adding some addit ional seats of 142 in dictate to find the customers come through to the caf across the street. In the year of 1939 he modify the prep method for his fried chicken to specify use of a obligate fryer, terminationing in a very much abridged cookery time similar to that of deep frying. Next in the year of 1950 he sold his properties traveled to U.S to sell his chicken to the owners of restaurants. He penetrated into the exemption agreements by p assist five cents for Corbin for selling each one of his chicken piece, in that the first soulfulness to turn out the offer was Pete Harman who lived in south saltiness lake, Utah after that they both started the first primary Kentucky Fried Chicken outlet in 1952.In accordance to that in the early mid-sixties Kentucky Fried Chicken was vended in more than 600 franchised outlets in both the countries of U.S Canada. angiotensin converting enzyme of the oldest franchisee who lived for a long period of time was Kenny kings chain he is the person who opposed sanders chicken concept. KFC Company holded more of the Northern Ohio dinner-style restaurants those all were closed(a) in 2004. The owner Sanders sold all his KFC franchising operation during 1964 for the amount of $2 jillion U.S Dollar. From the time when the chain has been vend for three more propagation in recent times it has been vend to PepsiCo, which made it part of its Tricon orbiculate Restaurants division, which in tress was spun off in 1997, and has now been renamed to Yum Brands.Ref (www.elogiboyau.centerblog.net/)TASK-1 mountainOur passion, as a restaurant company, is to put a YUM on messs faces slightlythe world, satisfying customers every time they eat our food and doing it give thanany separate restaurant company.I would say that at that place vision underwrite says that thither object glass is to satisfy the customers by placing the YUM non to let the bulk to go to the opposite restaurant companies. It bring forward say s that they support the ideas of putting the pleasingness of the YUM on the faces of the passel who ar seeking for it also it says that they argon toilsome to satisfy more of the customers to be infavour to their musical arrangement rather than customers passing play into the otherwise competitive companies.MissionTo sell food in a fast, social milieu that appeals to pride conscious, health minded consumers.Ref (www.KFC.com).In my pass of view I would say that there care statement says that there get down is to sell the food items in an fast way not to spoil the surroundings or the environment, it also further says that there aim is to maintenance the customers in a health minded way, it centre that to keep the customers in a healthy way by providing hot food.ObjectivesKFC is a chafe ahead oriented company so the main objective is to pull in the profit by offering a good product also the main objective of KFC is to satisfy the customer.Ref www.scribd.com/doc/ 36555456/KFC-Project genuinely when saying about their objectives their main motive is to earn more profit by selling their products to the customers by that to satisfy the customers in an optimum train.In the objectives part some other additional objectives had been included those ar the state objectives.Implied objectives.Stated objectivesProduct Development attach variety on menu enfold desert menuIntroduce buffet to restaurantsIntroduction on the region program with followingMenu items target Afri tail Ameri give the sacks in study cities with the following itemsGreensMacaroni and cheesePeach cobblerRed beans siftMenu items targeting Hispanics in major cities with the following itemsFried plantainsFlanTres LechesImplementation on non-traditional units including the followingShopping mall food courtsUniversitiesHospitalsAirportsStadiumsOffice BuildingsMobile Units annex profitability of KFC through the followingReduced overhead costsincrease efficienciesImproved customer serviceCleaner restaurantsFaster and friendlier servicecontinue high quality productsImplied ObjectivesExpansion of international operations to provide the followingThe increased percentage of overall sales growth.The increased percentage of profit growth.Augmented growth of franchises into MexicoExpansion of Central America Beyond franchise operationContinual promotion of healthier doubling through removal of the word fried from the nameStrong competitorAccording to the report KFCs strong competitor is McDonalds.These additional objectives give you an idea about that KFC is a multinational company it has some more intention on doing their businesses over many an(prenominal) countries.ValuesTo reward respect the contri just nowions of each individual at KFC.Their value say that they testament always give returns to their customers for what they are paying they always give respect to the customers for their support to continue the company in an successful way.Conclusion- I wou ld say that the KFCs concepts such as mission, vision statement, objectives the values are all in a correct way, which in roughly explains about how they are satisfying the customers by providing good food to the lot around the world.1.2When we are saying about the stakeholders we plunder say that they are the group of tribe or individual person who are holding an lodge in on any kind of a business also we rat say that they are the people who can simply contact or is affected by the achievement of an organizations objectives (Freeman, 1984 46).Some of the stakeholders who are having an interest are given belowStockholders/ partholder.Employees.Customers.Competitors.Suppliers. political sympathies.Media.StockholdersBasically shareholder or a stockholder is an individual or mental home that lawfully possesses one or more shares of stock within a community or mysterious business (Fama 1980).Actually they are having the full world fountain of lockling the business, becaus e they are the people who are investing more of the money into the business. They are influencing the people under their gear up it means that they are pressurizing the board of layors who in turn pressurize labors to work hard in order to always stick with in the business rather than losing all the money which they live with invested. ploughshare holders also have the accountability to vote to change the board of directors.KFC shareholders get there go under a brand called YUM shareholder services. These shareholders have the right of voting the board of directors act as an owner for KFC as they get the ownership through the shares they buy for KFC.EmployeesEmployees are the persons who are hired for, to give a service to an organization on a ordinary way in exchange for reimbursement who do not endow with these services as part of a sovereign business.They are having the power of going a solvest the firm through labor unions, if the company goes against the interest of the workers. Furthermore we can say that they leave have some power of ownership over the company if the company provides shares to the employees.KFC has the social responsibility of providing jobs to people though they are uneducated. Through this the coun fork outs unemployment rate comes down. Employees also given a power of recommending other new employees to organization recommending the organization to the society.CustomersWe can say that the customers are the people who are using the goods or services of a company for their terminal use.When saying about the customers they have the power of buying the products from the sellers. Actually they are playing a major role in the world because if there isnt a customer in a business then the suppliers will have to face many problems, so their contribution to buy the products is very important.KFC serves 12 million customers over 109 countries. Customer has the power of giving feedback on the organizations products. They have the power of recommending KFCs popularity to the society.CompetitorsActually when saying about the competitors they are any of the person or entity which is a contender against another. We can further say that competitors can be be as a company which every bit sells or offers goods or service.Ref (www.businessdictionary.com)When saying about the power of competitors we can say that they are having the fitting power of competing to their opponents in the business field.Competitors have the power of finding the secrets of the products of KFC innovating a substitute product for that in order to gain profit be top of KFC. They will also try to gain nurture on il sub judice acts that KFC does try to mediate that to the society.SuppliersActually suppliers are the single person or a business that offers goods or service which will be inputs for the outputs product of the company.If they strike their products will not come into our company, so our company would face problems in productio ns this will answer in reduction of growth, profitability and so forthSupplier has a power of deciding to produce their product to heavy and profitability organizations. Even the organization also has the power of getting the products from a legal and reliable supplier. As the above lines KFCs suppliers will supply until the KFCs popularity, profitability etc. retained. giving medicationGovernment can be defined as a body which has the right towards formulating the power towards enforcing the laws within a civil, incarnate religious or other group. Moreover in its widest sense it is given as to govern it means to mange or to control, a set group of people or a Compilation of resources.Ref www.answers.yahoo.comWhen considering about their power they have laws regulations regarding taxes duties on companies income, imports exports etc. it also has laws on companies registration on logo, if the companies goes against governments tax laws registration laws owners can be jailed the company can be banned.They are having the power of reckoning whether KFC is paying tax on income, import export duties. They also check whether KFC is abiding the rules regulations of the territory on which it provides its operations.MediaBasically media can be defined as the source of communication through which we can make universal indulgent. It moreover used towards influencing somebody. Actually there are quite a few types of media for example we can say the electronic media or the marking media etc.Ref http//www.blurtit.com/q5069669.htmlMedia is a power of communicating any types of information in terms of picture words as fast as possible. Media also has a power of criticizing any illegal movements of any types of organizations. Media can influence people to go against the illegal acts happening. They influence the minds of people by but providing information about the illegal movements taking place. We could say that media is an corroborative power to go agains t the illegal acts.Media has been given the right power of recommending the popularity of KFC also mediating the information on illegal various issues in which KFC gets involved to the society.TASK-1.3 nonpublic publicThe KFC scholar program is providing scholarship to those high direct seniors who sacrifice for it. This is done by providing a seat from a university in the state they reside. Through this the high school seniors get up to $20,000 to finish their bachelors point program.http//www.kfcscholars.org/PrivateYUM Brands, Inc. (Yum) is committed to conducting its business in an ethical, legal and socially trustworthy manner. To encourage compliance with all legal filmments and ethical business practices, Yum has completed this Supplier Code of Conduct (the Code) for Yums U.S. suppliers (Suppliers).Compliance with laws and regulationsSuppliers are compulsory to erect by all applicable laws, codes or regulations including, but not limit to, any topical anesthetic, state or federal laws regarding wages and benefits, workmens compensation, on the job(p) hours, equal opportunity, worker and product safety. Yum also expects that Suppliers will conform their practices to the published standards for their industry. custom PracticesWorking Hours Conditions In compliance with applicable laws, regulations, codes and industry standards, Suppliers are evaluate to ensure that their employees have safe and healthy working conditions and reasonable crusadeless and weekly work schedules. Employees should not be required to work more than the number of hours allowed for regular and overtime work periods under applicable local, state and federal law.Non-Discrimination Suppliers should implement a policy to effectuate all applicable local and federal laws prohibiting discrimination in hiring and employment on the cubic yard of race, color, religion, sex, age, physical disability, national origin, creed or any other earth prohibited by law.Child Labor S uppliers should not use workers under the legal age for employment for the type of work being carry throughed in any facility in which the Supplier is doing work for Yum. In no event should Suppliers use employees younger than 14 years of age.Forced and indent Labor In accordance with applicable law, no Supplier should perform work or produce goods for Yum using labor under any form of indentured servitude, nor should threats of violence, physical punishment, confinement, or other form of physical, sexual, psychological, or verbal harassment or abuse be used as a method of discipline or control.Notification to Employees To the extent required by law, Suppliers should establish company-wide policies implementing the standards outlined in this Code and post notices of those policies for their employees. The notices should be in all languages necessary to fully herald the policy to its employees.Audits and Inspections from each one Supplier should conduct audits and inspections to i nsure their compliance with this Code and applicable legal and contractual standards. In addition to any contractual rights of Yum or co-ordinated Foodservice Purchasing Co-op, LLC (UFPC), the Suppliers failure to observe the Code whitethorn subject them to disciplinal action, which could include termination of the Supplier relationship. The business relationship with Yum and UFPC is strengthened upon full and complete compliance with the Code and the Suppliers agreements with Yum and UFPC.ApplicationThe Code is a general statement of Yums expectations with respect to its Suppliers. The Code should not be read in lieu of but in addition to the Suppliers obligations as set out in any agreements between Yum or UFPC and the Supplier. In the event of a conflict between the Code and an applicable agreement, the agreement shall control.http//www.kfc.com/about/supplier.aspPackaging-publicKFC is as committed to the environment as we are to our food and to our customers. We are dashing of the steps we have taken so far to reduce our environmental footprint and are committed as a brand to do even more in the in future. Its an current journey that were on and we want to keep you our customers informed along the wayBy 2011, KFC will reduce its use of foam by 62% and total pliable use by 17%. In 2010, KFC introduced fast foods first recyclable food container. We have also replaced our plastic plates with paper serving boxes. It is part of our plan to reduce our use of non-renewable resources and to reduce the amount of styrofoam from our restaurants.http//www.kfc.com/packaging/lineup.aspYum Brands, nurture company of KFC, is committed to the humane treatment of animals.Yum Brands is the owner of restaurant companies and, as such, does not own, raise or transport animals. However, as a major purchaser of food products, we have the opportunity, and responsibility, to influence the way animals supplied to us are treated. We take that responsibility very seriously, an d we are monitoring our suppliers on an ongoing basis to determine whether our suppliers are using humane procedures for caring for and discussion animals they supply to us. As a consequence, it is our goal to only deal with suppliers who compact to maintain our high standards and share our commitment to animal welfare.To assist us in that effort, Yum Brands formed the KFC Animal Welfare Advisory Council, which consists of highly regarded experts in the field. The Council provides us with information and advice based on relevant data and scientific research. The Animal Welfare Advisory Council has been a key factor in formulating our animal welfare program.In consultation with our Council, KFC has evolveed guidelines and audit programs for our suppliers in the broiler industry. We were also a prominent player in the joint effort conducted by the National Council of Chain Restaurants and the Food Marketing Institute to develop comprehensive guidelines for all species of farm anima ls.KFC has implemented a farm level audit program a program which is industry- trail in the areas of poultry fear and handling.http//www.kfc.com/about/animalwelfare.aspYou are the reality Food platform (WFP), the food aid arm of the United Nations and the biggest humanitarian organisation working on yearning worldwide. In your mission to tackle world hunger, you work to enable local populations to achieve greater food security and support sustainable solutions to serve up the approximately 1 billion people around the globe whose advance to food extends at risk. How do you go about fulfilling this mission? You team up with fast food giant Kentucky Fried Chicken (KFC).CORPORATISING FAMINEThe specific details of the collaboration between KFC and the WFP are a bit hazy, but their relationship is crucially an exercise in education money principally in the form of financial donations and staff working hours through charitable activities to fund food rations (in countries inclu ding Somalia, India, Rwanda, Colombia and Ethiopia).2 As part of KFCs World Hunger hiatus Week (the worlds largest private sector hunger accompaniment effort, spanning 110 countries, 36,000 restaurants and over one million employees),3 a further aim is to raise awareness of the issue of world hunger and mobilise staff, franchisees and customers to stand by do something about it.4While the upsurge of goodwill around tackling hunger is a great example of peoples desire to improve our world (Yums companies ap arousely raised a total of US$20 million in overall donations in 2009, with activities involving some 4 million bid hours),5 the main thing being fed is KFCs public relations (PR). Its not clear whether these donations are always channelled through the WFP or to whom the company is lastly accountable details for example of KFC UKs contributory funding of 365,000 to a school food project in Africa are thin on the ground.6 And while raising awareness is on the face of it a posit ive aspect, you have to question the legitimacy of the source of information and the companys ultimate ability to communicate the complex historical constellation of politics, climatic conditions and policy which determines peoples access to food worldwide.In honour of the efforts behind World Hunger Relief, WFP executive director Josette Sheeran has been fulsome in her gratitude to the company WFP knows how to reach those some in extremity and will do what it takes to get a cup of food to any kid in the world But without funding, we cant reach these kids. It takes just 25 cents to fill a cup with food. The World Hunger Relief campaign helps fill the cup for tens of thousands of kids and were so grateful for it.7While it is of run for of the utmost importance that people around the world facing critically shortages of food supply are assisted and that the primary international institution charged with doing this is fully funded, the very premise that a fast food corporation wo uld be able to bask in reflected glory leaves a bitter aftertaste. In the struggle to create sustainable food systems worldwide, the hyper-capitalist, savage drive to lower supply margins no matter the side effectuate is part of the problem, not the solution. The notion that KFC can enhance its corporate look-alike and profit through an association with the alleviation of hunger is deeply distasteful, but this, it goes without saying, is precisely its intention.A BUMPER CORPORATE-IMAGE HARVESTWhat does KFC get out of this association? Well, a simplistic feeding-the-world narrative does the companys image and CSR (corporate social responsibility) a world of good among well-intentioned Western consumers. As the Genuine Kentucky blog puts it, This warms the heart, feeds the spirit, and makes you want to make haste to your nearest KFC.8 For fast food companies keen to re reach the sectors declining image among consumers, such words, even from a blatantly pro-KFC source, are music to the ears. Indeed, for a corporation formerly accused of negligence around suppliers treatment of poultry9 and maintain purchasing of illegally exported, environmentally destructive Brazilian soy from US commodities giant Cargill,10 the WFP charm offensive plays a central role in the drive to restore public credibility.In the name of continuing this corporate-image harvest, a more sinister outcome is KFCs capacity push this drive to the point of undermining the credibility of the very UN institutions it purports to support. Witness KFC CEO Roger Eatons efforts to convince UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon of the indispensability to recognise the Grilled Nation KFCs claim for international acknowledgement as a state among UN member statesAs Secretary-General, you have pledged to build a stronger United Nations for a better world. We at KFC are surefooted that recognizing Grilled Nation will strengthen your organization and satisfy the stomachs of your many Member States.11This abs urd UN time-wasting is of course a mere publicity hinder designed to achieve brand exposure. But the focus of such efforts further underlines, if it were even necessary to do so, that KFC is far more concerned with enhancing its own image than working towards sustainable solutions to world hunger, and is quite prepared to minimise the issue of hunger in the process. As illustrated in an October 2007 press release, parent company Yum will even go to the extent of claiming responsibility for pitch lives With funds raised, the company hopes to save hundreds of thousands of people from starvation.12 You would think that if the company genuinely had that much faith in the WFPs work and was that concerned with saving lives, it would gift all of its net profits to the programme each year.FEEDING PEOPLE, not PROFITSAs a subsidiary of the United Nations, ostensibly the worlds leading external force working for equality, peace and justice, the World Food Programme should concentrate its efforts on working to promote and protect grassroots and home(prenominal) food producers and control agricultural biodiversity, not team up with dubious, self-interested corporate forces. To do otherwise perpetuates an implicit discrediting of African and other Southern peoples historical ability to feed themselves and a tradition of ingenuity and adaptability rather than of doing the alike thing of responding to changing climatic and environmental conditions with skill and intelligence.13 It also neglects engage in serious analysis of the problems surrounding food sovereignty in the global South.In a time of an acute food crisis and permeative food insecurity for much of the worlds population, the immediate and future challenges will remain to work towards food sovereignty. This is to be achieved through investment in land (owned and organised to cater for the needs of people, rather than big business)14 redressing the problems of speculative food-commodity barter cushionin g small- and medium-holder producers from low-cost, subsidised imports and creating more secure returns on production. In some respects, if the UN theoretically the international, external body with the greatest legitimacy and clout to defend peoples interests is ill-positioned to halt the corporatisation of this space, why is anybody else going to be strong enough to do so?Number of empoyees of kfc worldwide?there is more then 500,000 people who work for KFC worldwide and thats just the chefs and waiters.Read more http//wiki.answers.com/Q/FAQ/7106-12ixzz1Ei6WHZqNTASK-2.1MicroenvironmentDefinitionFactors or elements in an organizations immediate area of operations that affect its performance and finis making freedom. These factors include competitors, customers, distribution channels, suppliers, and the general public.http//www.businessdictionary.com/definition/microenvironment.htmlMicro environmental FactorsThese are internal factors close to the company that have a direct impac t on the organisations strategy. These factors includeCustomersOrganisations survive on the basis of conflict the needs, wants and providing benefits for their customers. Failure to do so will result in a failed business strategy.EmployeesEmploying the correct staff and keeping these staff motivated is an all-important(a) part of the strategic planning process of an organisation. Training and development plays an essential role particular in service sector merchandiseing in-order to gain a competitive edge. This is clearly apparent in the airline industry.SuppliersIncrease in raw material prices will have a crash on affect on the marketing mix strategy of an organisation. Prices may be forced up as a result. Closer supplier relationships is one way of ensuring competitive and quality products for an organisation.ShareholdersAs organisation require greater inward investment for growth they face increasing compact to move from private ownership to public. However this movement un leashes the forces of shareholder cart on the strategy of organisations. Satisfying shareholder needs may result in a change in tactics employed by an organisation. Many internet companies who share prices rocketed in 1999 and early 2000 have seen the share price tumble as they face pressures from shareholders to turn in a profit. In a market which has very quickly become overcrowded many havel failed.MediaPositive or adverse media attention on an organisations product or service can in some cases make or soften an organisation.. Consumer programmes with a wider and more direct audience can also have a very powerful and positive impact, hforcing organisations to change their tactics.CompetitorsThe name of the racy in marketing is differentiation. What benefit can the organisation offer which is better then their competitors. Can they sustain this differentiation over a period of time from their competitors?. Competitor anlaysis and monitoring is crucial if an organisation is to m aintain its position within the market.Micro environmental Factor/Stakeholder Analysishttp//www.learnmarketing.net/stakeholders.jpghttp//www.learnmarketing.net/microenvironment.htm large environmentThe external factors which affect a companys planning and performance, and are beyond its control for example, socio-economic, legal and technological change. Compare micro environmenthttp//www.mshmgi.com/glossary,M,Macro+Environment.htmlThe Macro Environment factors are1) Demographic Environment2) Economic Structural Environment3) proficient Environment4) Political EnvironmentRead more http//wiki.answers.com/Q/List_macro-environmental_factorsixzz1EQaoSLePMicro environmental factors are those which the firm can directly control. Examples of this are product, price, place and promotion. Macro factors are those over which the firm has no control. Examples of this would be political and legal factors, economic factors, technological factors and social and cultural factors.http//www.referen ce.com/motif/Consumer_Electronics/micro-and-macro-environmental-factors2.2House Prices (50% of responses)Government DebtIgnorance because of fearno responseNo ProblemsWhat I would consider the most serious Economic Problem last levels of consumer debt / bankruptcyDemographic crisis boost retirement levels will worsen government finances and put pressure on pensions.Housing Market prospect of house price falls.High prices for first time buyers related to shortage of supplyGrowing latest Account deficit.http//www.economicshelp.org/blog/uk-economy/economics-problem/fuel prices, lack of jobs, short of food.3.1Term market structure Definition The manner in which a market is organized, based largel

Non Verbal Communication Skills in the Workplace

Non Verbal Communication Skills in the WorkplaceGiven todays technology-driven communicating systems, people take aim fewer face-to-face int sequencections. As a result, it is primal to maximize their imp flirt. Dr. Gorman provides a valuable guide for doing just that by dower the reader understand how the sign(a) aspects of a confabulation frequently state more than than more than the communicative mavens. Jon Peters, President, The Institute for Management Studies.It is well- cognize that psycheate wording refers to sign- verbiage(a) mode of communicating. On scientific analysis, it has been found that the unalike aspects of communicating comprise 55% bodily sparkments and gestures, 38% free-spoken face and only 7% lyric poem or communicative conference. It is thus create that slightly 93% of confabulation is sign- row(a), as some condemnations, haggle ar inadequate. This depicts that correct substance ab single-valued function of luggage com s everalise apartment language serves as an effective signed confabulation tool to convince fellow-workers at workplace, as well as family and friends, eventu each(prenominal)y leading to everywhereall organizational mastery by self-development. It upgrade leads to personal and professional growth of an employee, ultimately benefiting the organization. An attempt has, at that placefore, been make in this paper to discuss the importance, modes and effective use of form language in successful organizational development (Rane, 2010).A thorough understanding of the role that trunk language plays in our day-to-day business activities is vital. Executives, managers, and salespeople who atomic number 18nt reading the elapse signals of early(a)s or who dont vex a clue how their own communicative communication is sabotaging their efforts. At a time when it is widely recognized that professional success is achieved with or through other people, the business office of, and the need for, good interpersonal sciences couldnt be greater (Gorman, 2008).1. sign-language(a) Communication Definition.Any nominate ofcommunicationthat is non expressed in manner of speaking.Nonverbalcommunicationis estimated to make up 65-90% of allcommunication, and understanding, interpreting, and using it ar essential skills.Forms ofnonverbalcommunication entangle actions and behaviour such(prenominal) as silence, failure or slowness to reply to a content, and lateness in arriving for a meeting.Body language is to a fault an chief(prenominal) part ofnonverbalcommunication. Nonverbalelements ofcommunicationwhitethorn reinforce or contradict a verbal message (Bloomsbury c be Library Business Management Dictionary 2007, p5154-5154, 1p).Body language is like a computer. E trulybody tell aparts what it is, precisely somewhat of us ar never exactly sure how it works. Thats because the affect of receiving and decoding nonverbal communication is often done without our c onscious aw arness. It app arntly happens. Human beings argon genetically programmed to look for facial and behavioural cues and to quickly understand their meaning. We specify someone gesture and automatically (Gorman, 2008).Everyone knows someone who stack walk into a room full of people and within proceedings cast off an accurate description about the relationships amid those people and what they ar beliefing. The ability to read a persons attitudes and thoughts by their behaviour was the original communication system used by humans before roundn language evolved.Before radio was invented, just about communication was done in create verbally through books, permitters, and newspapers, which meant that ugly politicians and poor spillers such as Abraham Lincoln could be successful if they persisted long enough and wrote good print copy. The radio era gave openings to people who had a good command of the spoken word, like Winston Churchill, who spoke wonderfully never theless whitethorn contribute struggled to achieve as often in todays more visual era.Todays politicians understand that politics is about epitome and appearance, and most high-profile politicians now dumbfound personal body-language consultants to do them come crosswise as being sincere, caring, and honest, especially when theyre not.It seems almost incredible that, over the thousands of long time of our evolution, body language has been actively studied on any scurf only since the 1960s and that most of the public has produce aw be of its human race only since the bookBody Languagewas published in 1978. withal most people believe that speech is chill out our main form of communication. spoken communication has been part of our communication repertoire only in new-made times in evolutionary terms, and is mainly used to convey facts and data. Speech probably runner developed between two million and fin hundred thousand years ago, during which time our brain tripled its size. Before and thence, body language and sounds made in the throat were the main forms of conveying emotions and feelings, and that is still the case today. But because we focus on the dustup people speak, most of us ar largely uninformed about body language, let alone its importance in our lives (Pease, 2008).Body language is in any case known askinesics.A pioneer in the field, Ray Birdwhistell (Ray L. Birdwhistell, Kinesics and Context. Philadelphia University of Pennsylvania Press, 1970, p. 80.), writes, The closing off of gestures and the attempt to understand them led to the most all important(predicate) findings of kinesic research. This original t individuallying of gestures gave the first indication that kinesic structure is parallel to language structure. By the orbit of gestures in mise en scene, it became clear that the kinesic system has forms which are astonishingly like words in language.Researchers perk up preserved people involved in the communication pro cess. They have studied body language and other nonverbal behaviour, and they have then associate or identified these actions with actual content of the message being transmitted.2. Relationship Between Verbal and Nonverbal Communication.thither are several centerings in which the nonverbal behaviour is seen clear related to verbal behaviour. This relationship is one of faceence and also of independence. in that location are nonverbal communicative acts that are easily and accurately translated into words. Several gestures clearly illustrate this relationship. For example, the gesture of folded hands for namaste, the gesture of handshake, a grimace, a frown, etc., are generally translatable into words. There is also a segmentation of nonverbal acts that are very much a part of speech and serves the office staff of emphasis. Examples are head and hand movements that occur more frequently with words, and phrases of emphasis. There are acts which draw pictures of the referents tracing the contour of an object or person referred to verbally. Yet another(prenominal) class of acts is employed for displaying the effects (feelings). Another class refers to acts that help to initiate and terminate the speech of participants in a well-disposed situation. These regulators major power suggest to a speaker unit that he keep lecture, that he clarify, or that he hastiness up and finish (Ekman and Friesen, 1969).There are the meanss in which the relationship between verbal and nonverbal communication stack be characterized. These are as follows-The relationship between verbal and nonverbal communication is one of the latter playing a subsidiary role to the agent. The nonverbal acts that are supplementary to verbal acts may guide or follow or be simultaneous with the verbal acts. For example, in many verbal acts one reflections an concomitant of one or more nonverbal acts, such as gestures, facial expressions, and movement towards or forward from the add ressee, to illumine the meaning of the former. While for any verbal acts such an accompaniment may only be considered redundant, for several others, such and accompaniment explicitness, limpidity, emphasis, diversity and reinforcement.-The relationship between verbal and nonverbal communication is also one of the former playing a supplementary role to the latter. In many verbal acts, both in children and bads, in normals with all the lingual organs intact, and normal with some handicap to the linguistic organs, as well as in abnormal souls, nonverbal acts may take precedence over the verbal acts in several directions. In the normal with all the linguistic organs intact, occasions demand the use of nonverbal acts such as pantomime and gestures for aesthetic purposes, and for purposes of coded (secret) communication. Indulgence in nonverbal acts as essential medium is also necessitated by the distance that separates the parties which underside, however, retain visual touching while engaging themselves in communication.-The relationship between verbal and nonverbal communication could be one of equalizer as well. That is, there are several nonverbal acts that thunder mug be accurately translated into words in the language of a culture in which such nonverbal acts are performed. A handshake, shaking a fist at someone, a smile, and frown, etc., are all nonverbal acts translatable into verbal medium in a particular language. The functions of these nonverbal acts, context to context, are also codified in aesthetic nonverbal acts, such as dance, sculpture and other arts. The correspondence is sometimes translatable into words, sometimes into phrases and sentences, and several times translatable into categorical episodes involving lengthy language discourses. But the correspondence is there all the aforementioned(prenominal) and the import of this correspondence is shared between individuals within a community. There is also yet another correspondence of no nverbal acts in the sensory faculty that similar nonverbal acts could mean distinct things in different cultures.-Yet another relationship between a verbal act and a nonverbal act is one of dependence. A verbal act may depend for its correct meter reading entirely on a nonverbal act. besides a nonverbal act may depend for its correct interpretation entirely on a verbal act. In extreme circumstances, the former is caused because of deliberate distortion of the verbal act, or because of the difficulty in auditory modality clearly to the verbal act, or because of the difficulty in reading with clarity what is intended to be read in the written verbal message. calculated distortion is not found only in contrived acts such as poe raise or drama. It is done in day to day language itself. Distortion and opacity of the verbal message are also required in certain socio-cultural contexts wherein it is demanded that verbal acts be suppressed and made dependent on nonverbal acts. The domi nant nonverbal acts also depends on verbal acts for clarity. This dependence also depends on verbal acts for clarity. It also occurs in daily life.-Verbal and nonverbal acts faeces be independent of one another. Something is communicated through a verbal act. The continued manifestation of this communicative act may be in the form of nonverbal acts. That is, in a private communicative act, part of the message may be in verbal form and the rest in nonverbal, in an alternating way. Each part is independent of the other. This is contrived in poetry and drama. It is also found in every(prenominal) day life. An extreme form of this independence is the gulf that we notice between what one says and what one does. Also prevarication both in word and deed derives its strength, among others, from this feature.-Another relationship between verbal and nonverbal acts in one of non-relevance. This is most commonly found in normal adult speech and its accompanying gestures which are produced si mply without any communicative intent. We move our hands, snap our fingers, move our bodies while speaking, with these gestures having no relevance to the speech we make. When this non-relevance between verbal and nonverbal acts found in normal is shifted to non-relevance or irrelevancy within the ingle domain, within speech itself or within nonverbal act itself (during which coherence in speech or act is lost), we start considering the individual abnormal in some way. That is, non-relevance across the verbal and nonverbal media is normal, but non-relevance within a single medium is abnormal. The non-relevance is idiosyncratic and could be imitational as well. In the normal the excessive non-relevance of nonverbal acts accompanying speech comes to alliance the understanding of the verbal acts.3. Types of Nonverbal Communication and Their Effects on Business.The types of nonverbal communication are almost limitless. However, there are the types that are most applicable to business communications facial expressions and pump finish off, other body movements and gestures, costume and personal appearance, distance and personal quad, physical environment, and time (Hamilton, 2011).recital faces is not just a matter of identifying static expressions but also of noticing how faces subtly begin to change. People in face-to-face exchanges watch each others expressions to gauge reactions to whats being said and heard. Even when some words are missed, observing the expression on a speakers face can help the listener follow a conversation (Goman, 2008).The smile is a very potent form of facial expression. It opens the door to communication.A natural, pleasant smile carries great significance in establishing and sustaining humanrelationships, be they in a family, society, community or a business organization.Significance of smiling is beautifully brought out in the saying, You are never fullydressed unless you toil a smile. Smile speaks the language of love, compassi on,sincerity, courtesy, confidence and dependability. A smile emits positive signals. A smilecan create a favourable uphold and earn good depart. All the same, it is also true that allsmiles are not old(prenominal). In the service industry, the sales force is specifically taught tocultivate genuine smiles and smile liberally in their day-to-day transactions withcolleagues and customers (Marwijk,2002).The look have been described as the gateway to the soul. They speak in the most disclosure and accurate language because of the vast amount of information they convey about internal processes (Gorman, 2008).Probably everyone has had some experience with heart and souls as nonverbal communicators. Most of us have been stared at and have wondered why. Was it curiosity or ill manners? Or perhaps the starter had poor visual modality and was merely trying to get us in focus. But then there is the possibility the observer found us attractive and elicit and was issuing an invitation to get better acquainted. Most of us have decoded eye language even if we did not know about body language or nonverbal communication.There are numerous messages that can be sent with the eyes, but the stare is the most important technique a person has. In our culture one does not stare at another person-one stares at things. Therefore, a stare can have a devastating effect because it reduces a person to nonhuman status.There is an interminable number of messages which can be sent when one thinks of eyes unite with different positions and movements of the eyelids and eyebrows. As with all forms of nonverbal communication, messages sent by the eyes should be decoded in terms of the words accompanying them (Marwijk, 2002).Daniel was well qualified (overqualified, in fact) for the job he was seeking, so when he didnt get chartered he was shocked. But when Daniel called the recruiter who sent him out, he was told, You were fabulous in all the technical aspects, but you freaked out the in terviewer because you couldnt look her in the eye (Goman, 2008).How can anyone hope to communicate without using hands and arms? And even legs are for something besides walking.No doubt each of us knows someone who dialogue with his or her hands. Some people punctuate communications with such excessive gestures that it is extremely dangerous to get too close to their nonverbal exclamations. Do you know people who during a conversation or a identity card game drum or tap incessantly with their finger tips? argon there people you know who constantly click the on-off switch of their ballpoint pens? Do you know people who frequently pop their knuckles? Do you notice individuals who tap their feet, who cross and spread their legs, or who cross their legs and then swing their crossed legs stomach and forth?What do these nonverbal messages tell you? Is the person nervous? Insecure? Bored? Thinking? Happy? zest attention? A nuisance? Perhaps the messages mean nothing. On the other han d, if nonverbal signs reveal the emotional side of a communication, it is often important for you to try to determine what message is being transmitted along with the verbal one. Sometimes they are the same other times they are drastically different.Many people are devoting their entire life to the study of body language. Body language is an interesting, fascinating area of nonverbal communication much dust to be learned about it. By becoming a better observer, by sharpening your powers of acquaintance, and by knowing as much as possible about your reference (decoders), you should be able to translate more accurately nonverbal and verbal messages (Marwijk, 2002).Elements such as physique, height, weight, hair, skin colour, gender, odours, and clothing send nonverbal messages during interaction. For example, a study, carried out inVienna,Austria, of the clothing faded by women attending discothques bear witnessed that in certain groups of women (especially women who were in tow n without their partners) need for sex, and levels of sexual hormones, were correlated with aspects of the clothing, especially the amount of skin displayed, and the presence of pellucid clothing, e.g. at the arms. Thus, to some degree, clothing sent signals about interest in courtship.Research into height has generally found that taller people are comprehend as being more impressive. Melamed Bozionelos (1992) studied a sample of managers in the UK and found that height was a key factor touching who was promoted. much people try to make themselves taller, for example, standing on a platform, when they call for to make more of an bushel with their speaking.Environmental factors such asfurniture, architectural style,interior decorating, lighting conditions, colours, temperature, noise, and music affect the behaviour of communicators during interaction. The furniture itself can be seen as a nonverbal message.Proxemicsis the study of how people use and perceive the physical space around them. The space between the transmitter and the receiver of a message influences the way the message is interpreted The perception and use of space varies significantly across cultures and different settings within cultures. position in nonverbal communication may be divided into quadruplet main categories intimate, sociable, personal, and public space.The term territoriality is still used in the study of proxemics to explain human behavior regarding personal space.Hargie Dickson identify 4 such territoriesPrimary territory this refers to an area that is associated with someone who has exclusive use of it. For example, a house that others cannot enter without the owners permission.Secondary territory unlike the previous type, there is no right to occupancy, but people may still feel some degree of ownership of a particular space. For example, someone may sit in the same seat on train every day and feel aggrieved if someone else sits there.Public territory this refers to an area that is addressable to all, but only for a set period, such as a parking space or a seat in a library. Although people have only a limited claim over that space, they often exceed that claim. For example, it was found that people take longer to disappear a parking space when someone is hold to take that space.fundamental interaction territory this is space created by others when they are interacting. For example, when a group is talking to each other on a footpath, others provide walk around the group rather than disturb it.When we discuss space in a nonverbal context, we mean the space between objects and people. Space is often associated with social rank and is an important part of business communication. Who gets the corner office? why is the head of the table important and who gets to sit there? As the context of a staircase has norms for nonverbal behavior, so does the public speaking context. In North America, eye take on with the audience is expected. Big movemen ts and gestures are not generally expected and can be distracting. The speaker occupies a space on the stage, even if its in front of the class. When you occupy that space, the audience willing expect to behave in certain ways. If you talk to the screen croupe you while displaying a PowerPoint presentation, the audience may perceive that you are not paying attention to them. Speakers are expected to pay attention to, and interact with, the audience, even if in the feedback is primarily nonverbal. Your movements should coordinate with the tone, rhythm, and content of your speech. Pacing back and forth, keeping your hands in your pockets, or crossing your arms may communicate nervousness, or even defensiveness, and detract from your speech (Scott McLean, 2008).Do you know what time it is? How aware you are of time varies by culture and prescriptive expectations of adherence (or ignorance) of time. Some people, and the communities and cultures they represent, are very time-oriented. The Euro Railways trains in Germany are notable for departing and arriving according to the enrolment. In contrast, if you take the train in Argentina, youll find that the schedule is more of an approximation of when the train will leave or aim.When you give a presentation, does your audience have to wait for you? Time is a applicable factor of the communication process in your speech. The best way to show your audience respect is to honour the time expectation associated with your speech. Always try to stop speaking before the audience stops listening if the audience perceives that you have gone over time, they will be less unstrained to listen. This in turn will have a negative impact on your ability to communicate your message.Chronemicsis the study of how we refer to and perceive time. tom Bruneau at Radford University has spent a lifetime investigating how time interacts in communication and culture. As he notes, across Western society, time is often considered the equiva lent of money. The value of speed is highly prized in some societies.In others, there is a great respect for slowing down and winning a long-term view of time.When you browse a meal at a fast food restaurant, what are your expectations for how long you will have to wait? When you order a pizza online for delivery, when do you expect it will arrive? If you order cable service for your home, when do you expect it might be delivered? In the first case, you might measure the delivery of a hamburger in a matter of guerillas or minutes, and perhaps 30 minutes for pizza delivery, but you may measure the time from your order to working cable in days or even weeks. You may even have to be at your home from 8 a.m. to noon, waiting for its installation. The expectations vary by context, and we often grow frustrated in a time-sensitive culture when the delivery does not match our expectations.Across cultures the value of time may vary. Some Mexican American friends may invite you to a barbe cue at 8 p.m., but when you arrive you are the first guest, because it is understood that the gathering actually doesnt start until after 9 p.m. alike in France, an 8 p.m. party invitation would be understood to indicate you should arrive around 830, but in Sweden 8 p.m. means 8 p.m., and latecomers may not be welcome. Some Native Americans, particularly elders, speak in well-measured phrases and take long pauses between phrases. They do not hurry their speech or compete for their turn, knowing no one will interrupt them. Some Orthodox Jews observe religious days when they do not work, cook, drive, or use electricity. People around the world have different ways of expressing value for time (Bruneau, 1976).4. Improving Nonverbal SkillsThe words that you say in a conversation are only a menial part of what you communicate to another person. Your tone and body language play a much larger role in what you are communicating to another person. For example, the words great job can be take n as a sincere compliment or as a sarcastic barb, depending upon the nonverbal skills used. If you are saying the right words but not backing them up with your nonverbal skills, then you are not going to be a very effective communicator. here is how to improve nonverbal skills.-Recognize that nonverbal skills are a very important part of communication. The way that you position your body and the voice tone that you use during a conversation can speak even louder than the actual words coming out of your mouth. By improving your nonverbal skills, you can become a much more effective communicator in all areas of your life.-Make eye contact. The fastest way to improve your nonverbal skills is to make eye contact with the other person during a conversation. By making eye contact, you are connecting with that person, which makes it much easier for both of you to understand each other. When your eyes are cast during a conversation, you are sending the nonverbal message that you are not i nvested in the conversation.-Pay attention to your tone. Most of us have had the misfortune of academic session through a speech in which powerful words were killed because the speaker was clearly bored, which made what could have been a dynamic speech unbearably boring. If you postulate to motivate another person, you need to put some free energy into your speech. If you want to put another person in his place, use a deeper and more firm voice. Use your tone to energize your words.-Watch your body language. The way you position your body during a conversation speaks volumes, and you can use the way you position yourself to improve your nonverbal skills. If you want to end a conversation sooner, make of point of looking at your watch, which says, I have somewhere else that I need to be. If you want to be in a power position during a conversation, stand while the other person remains seated. If you want to communicate that you are open to the other persons ideas, then uncross your arms.-Pay attention to other peoples nonverbal cues. When you are in a meeting, observe two people talking with each other. Notice the tone of their voices and the positions of their bodies. You can often tell who is going to win a disagreement base upon the nonverbal body language used.-Incorporate effective nonverbal skills into your own communication style. When you see another person use a nonverbal skill effectively, try to incorporate that nonverbal skill into your own communication style. For example, if you see a person effectively raise his eyebrows in a way that sends the message, I really do not believe you, without having to say a word, then incorporate that nonverbal skill into your own way of communicating when you are in a similar situation.-Practice improving your nonverbal skills. At first, you might feel self-conscious as you start focusing on your nonverbal skills. However, with a little practice, your nonverbal skills will become second nature, and other people will be learning from you (Marwijk, 2002).5. ConclusionNonverbal communication variables play a major role in affecting the meaning of messages in business communication contexts. Consequently, business communicators need to have a general understanding of nonverbal communication and to recognize how such behaviors as body posture and movement, eye contact, facial expression, seating arrangement, vocal cues, spatial relationships, and personal appearance affect the ways their verbal messages are received by others. Quite often nonverbal communication provides metacommunication, or communication about communication, serving to repeat, contradict, substitute, complement, accent, and regulate verbal communication. If business communicators want to ascribe meaning to others nonverbal behaviors, they should take care to interpret the nonverbal message in its proper context, realizing that people respond differently to different stimuli and that some nonverbal behaviors vary in meaning a cross cultures. businessmen can apply their understanding of nonverbal communication to personal interviews to show their true feelings of immediacy, potency, and responsiveness, to relax others, and to achieve maximum effect from the interview situation. They can also observe and adjust seating arrangement, room decor, and eye contact between group members to increase productivity at conferences and in small group discussions.

DNA, Genes and chromosomes

desoxyribonucleic acid, Genes and chromo whateversIntroductionAssignment dickens go let on firstly explicate about deoxyribonucleic acid, brokers and chromo approximatelys. It allow then evaluate some pre- disposed ingredienttical factors that affect normal human operate oning and n oneness a range of different unsoundnesss. It will then evaluate pre-disposed environ amiable factors that whitethorn also affect normal human functioning and cover another range of unsoundnesss.Genetic information is contained in nucleic venereal unhealthinesss, which argon the molecules that go on the information. All living mobile phones and viruses contain information and at that place argon deuce types of nucleic acid, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), the self replicating brokertic material in living cellular phoneular phones and ribonucleic acid (RNA). The structure of DNA was worked out by Watson and Crick in the 1950s. Nucleic acids are made of units called nucleotides and an i ndividual nucleotide is in three parts which mix in by condensation reactions. These are phosphoric acid, pentose sugar, which in DNA is deoxyribose and in RNA ribose and there is an organic base comprising of five and divided into two groups. The DNA is a double stranded polymer of nucleotides (polynucleotide) comprising of numerous million nucleotide units. Its structure is in the form of double helix which is maintained by hydrogen bonding and it contains four organ bases, adenine, guanine, cytosine and thymine.A gene is the unit of heredity, comprising of a length of DNA that influences an organisms form and function. The protein produced when a gene is expressed produces a characteristic and each gene occupies its own im someoneate on the chromosome called the locus. Different forms of the same genes are called allele and there may be different alleles of the same gene with slightly different DNA structure.The chromosome is one long coiled DNA molecule which has genes dotted along its length. The genetic material of each cell is packaged together in the inwardness as chromosomes and each one of these contains very long DNA molecules. The human embody has 46 chromosomes and in each body cell the chromosomes are in pairs, called homologous and a full set of chromosomes is called the karotype. Chromosomes appoint copies of each other so that when they divide, each daughter cell receives an withdraw copy of the genetic information. This is called replication and results in two DNA molecules.The gay Genome Project started in 1990 and it was a huge task to determine the mark of bases in the human genome as well as identifying all the genes make by the bases. Its other aims were to find the location of the genes on the 23 chromosomes and inject the information on a data base. The purpose of collating the information was for scientists to be which sections of DNA, on which chromosomes are responsible for many inherited complaints. The main uses of ge netic testing are in carrier screening, pre-implantation genetic diagnosis, new innate(p) baby screening, and for prediction testing of assault disorders such(prenominal) as Huntington sickness, onset just nowtockscers and Alzheimers disease. Using a sample of DNA it is realistic to find out whether a person is carrying a faulty gene which causes a disease such as cystic fibrosis, or to identify genes that play a contri hardlyory role in diseases such as breast cancer. From results it is possible to eliminate all risk of the disease by correcting the faulty allele. sexual reproduction produces genetic variation amongst individuals in a population.Mitosis is when cell variance takes place and it results in growth or repair of body tissues which is not to be confused with Meiosis which is the cell division that produces gametes (sex cells). In mitosis, one cell divides into two identical cells and in meiosis one cell divides into four daughter cells that a genetically unique. A species must intensify to its environment if it is to survive and the genotype of an organism gives it the potential to show a particular characteristic. Characteristics that are determined by a number of genes are called continuous variation such a height and characteristics that are defecate cut are by a single gene are called discontinuous variation. The origins of variation are either non-inheritable or heritable. The environment has a huge role in determining phenotypic variation and factors in humans can include diet and exercise. Heritable variations are when an organism, for example, inherits genes which will determine its eventual size, although this can depend on nutritional influences.Monohybrid inheritance is when a characteristic controlled by a single gene is passed on from one generation to another. Examples of genetic diseases that are passed on in this elbow room are Huntingtons disease and cystic fibrosis. The gene can be either dominant or recessive. Huntingd ons disease is due to a mutation in a single gene that occurs on chromosome 4. Every cell nucleus has two copies on the gene and the codes for the protein are Huntingdin. People who fracture the disease carry a mutation in one of copy of the Huntingdin gene. Huntingdin is turn in areas of the brain and that degeneration of the gene is called Huntingdons disease.Huntingdons disease is rare but another more common disease is cystic fibrosis which is caused by a recessive allele. To inherit the disease both parents turn over to be carriers of the tough alleles. In the UK one person in 2000 suffers from this define and people that develop the disease produce a thick sticky mucus from the epithelial cells lining some passages in the body. The pancreatic duct can find blocked so food digestion can not eke out and the bronchioles and alveoli of the lungs can become blocked. The normal allele of the cystic fibrosis gene makes an important protein called CFTR. usually CFTR will trans port chloride ions through the plasma membrane, however, the mutated allele causes production of a channel protein that does not transport the ions so the person who is homozygous suffers from cystic fibrosis.The full amount of alleles and their combination a person has is called their genotype and some of these are recessive and some dominant. The effect that these alleles have is called the phenotype. Different alleles of a gene do not have to be recessive or dominant and if two alleles both produce a protein that can function then the alleles can be codominant. An example of a disease that is codominance is reaping hook cell anaemia, where a mutant allele of a normal hemoglobin gene causes one amino acid in the two of import polypeptide chains to be different. The shape of the molecule is altered and the red declension cells can be crescent or sickle shaped. These can be easily damaged and the number of working cells decreases the amount of oxygen red ink to the tissues. The heart and soul works harder and the defective cells join together making the pedigree sticky. This can result in many side effects including kidney failure, heart attack and strokes. The spleen is over burdened and can stop its big businessman to remove bacteria from the blood so infections can be common. some other type of faulty cell division is called non disjunction where the daughter cell receives two copies of a chromosome and the other gets none. This can result in the modify called Downs syndrome where chromosome 21 is affected. The genetic configuration is known as trisomy, where a person inherits an extra copy of one chromosome. People with the syndrome have three copies of chromosome 21 rather than two and this additional genetic material affects the balance of the body and results in characteristic physical and intellectual features.Many people have alleles of genes which can make them much more susceptible to certain diseases. The disease may only develop if the pe rson become in get through with something in the environment such as a chemical. An example of this would be lung cancer as some smokers die from cancer in center age, while others carry on well into old age without creation affected. The expression of genes can also be affected by environmental factors such as diet, disease and temperature during development. Mutagenic agents can cause gene mutations in tissues which then grow abnormally. There much scientific variant about a persons intelligence as is it determined by genes or by the environment that they grow up in.Asthma is a instruct that tends to run in families that are prone to allergies. Although there are many factors that cause and influence asthma there is no single gene that is involved, although scientists are searching for the gene involved which may lead to a cure. The condition affects the bronchioles that carry air in and out the lungs which become egotistical or narrowed and excess mucus is produced. It is a chronic condition and symptoms are wheezing, shortness of breath and a tight feeling in the chest. There are environmental factors which attach the risk of the disease such as being brought up in a house that has a pet, exposure to cigarette smoke in the uterus or in early life, air pollution and being born at the sentence of year when pollen is at is highest.Coronary heart disease is a condition in which genetics and environmental factors determine which humans get the disease. The disease is caused by a blockage of the coronary arteries which supply blood to the heart. In a healthy heart the walls are smooth and the blood flows easily, but the disease develops when material blocks the walls of the arteries causing narrowing of the vessels and possibly a complete blockage. This can lead to a wide range of cardiac problems including angina. The disease often occurs within the same family which can indicate that there peradventure genetic link between people with the condition. I t is difficult to establish if there is a direct correlation between family members due to genes or whether it is the environmental factors which they all are exposed to. Some of the main environmental factors that increase the risk of developing the disease are smoking, lack of exercise, obesity, unhealthy diet, mental stress, alcohol and coffee. It has been proved that genetic factors have an influence on cholesterol levels, but overall, it seems that a combination of genetics and the environment would best explain the family link to heart disease.

Computers in Elementary School Classrooms :: Teaching Education Essays

Computers in Elementary School ClassroomsTechnology has influenced many aspects of life, plainly I call up that it has influenced education the most. I am going to be an easy teacher after I graduate, so I thought this would be a perfect opportunity to learn how estimators give help me to teach. I will be focusing on how technology influences the tuition of late kidskinren. straightaway the computer has worked its way into the classrooms of our elementary schools. To some this may wait a little premature to start teaching children almost technology, scarce the studies rear that the computer is a productive accomplishment tool. Children learn to employ the computer at an early age by interacting with their p atomic number 18nts and different adults. Children kitty bear in mind to books macrocosm read, learn about the alphabet, numbers, sizes, colors, and shapes. They enjoy learning juvenile things age using the computer. It is fun and gives them a sense of a ccomplishment be sweat they are doing it by themselves. New opportunities for young children often increase their understanding of how the humankind works. The early years are the most important to provide a square(a) base for learning in the future. Each aspect of learning has to assort with the experience of the childs life. The computer also has to assign with what the child is learning throughout the curriculum of school. Computers help children learn about parvenue things that plunder enhance their cultivation. The computer alone doesnt cause the learning, but it helps the teacher to drive learning. 1 The National study Goals bloodshed place flipper essential dimensions of early development and learning physical well- being and tug development social and emotional development approaches toward learning wording development and cognition and general knowledge. They say that the computer can facilitate development in all of these areas. The first one I exi gency to discourse about is physical well-being and motor development. The National Education Goals Panel says that children must make use of their entire bodies and the environment touch them. This bureau that they must make a partnership in the midst of the relationships of other things and the environment. Children can play and explore new ideas using the computer. This gives them an opportunity to face up things up that they dont understand, so that they can make the connection between things.Computers in Elementary School Classrooms Teaching Education EssaysComputers in Elementary School ClassroomsTechnology has influenced many aspects of life, but I think that it has influenced education the most. I am going to be an elementary teacher after I graduate, so I thought this would be a perfect opportunity to learn how computers will help me to teach. I will be focusing on how technology influences the development of young children.Today the computer has worked its w ay into the classrooms of our elementary schools. To some this may seem a little early to start teaching children about technology, but the studies prove that the computer is a productive learning tool. Children learn to use the computer at an early age by interacting with their parents and other adults. Children can listen to books being read, learn about the alphabet, numbers, sizes, colors, and shapes. They enjoy learning new things while using the computer. It is fun and gives them a sense of accomplishment because they are doing it by themselves. New opportunities for young children often increase their understanding of how the world works. The early years are the most important to provide a solid base for learning in the future. Each aspect of learning has to connect with the experience of the childs life. The computer also has to connect with what the child is learning throughout the curriculum of school. Computers help children learn about new things that can enhanc e their development. The computer alone doesnt cause the learning, but it helps the teacher to facilitate learning. 1 The National Education Goals Panel identified five essential dimensions of early development and learning physical well- being and motor development social and emotional development approaches toward learning language development and cognition and general knowledge. They say that the computer can facilitate development in all of these areas. The first one I want to talk about is physical well-being and motor development. The National Education Goals Panel says that children must make use of their entire bodies and the environment surrounding them. This means that they must make a connection between the relationships of other things and the environment. Children can play and explore new ideas using the computer. This gives them an opportunity to look things up that they dont understand, so that they can make the connection between things.

Essay --

Formal analysis Paper Claude Oscar Monet (1840-1926) was a French painter known for his routine of rash color and unusual subject matter. In the 1860s, Monet joined like-minded artists much(prenominal) as Edgar take to create the movement that became known as Impressionism. Edgar degas (18341917) was also French but born to a wealthy family. He bene chequerted from traditional training and was not comfortable with the label Impressionist ascribable to this training. This paper intends to analyze Claude Monets The Walk, Woman with a Parasol(fig. 1), and Edgar Degas The Little FourteenYearOld Dancer (fig. 2), through a consideration of composition, use of color, perspective, and brush strokes. Capturing the natural play of light and fantasm was a signature theme in all of Monets work. In this painting, he positions the light to the right of the woman and male child which leads the viewers eye up. He then uses shadows in the parasol, the womans grimace and on the groun d to lead the viewers eye tail end down the painting. The deliberate placement of the light and shade is an effective scape that he uses with a lighter touch in the boys clothing, the clouds and notably the grass. This fade showcases Monets use of color, which was another one of his signature themes. He uses aplomb colors to give the painting a tranquil feeling and to attend emphasize his subjects, the woman and boy. He stays with the cool color palette with use of blue in the sky, the womans clothes, the grass and the boys clothes. He then incorporates warm colors into the piece with the use of white in the clouds, and in the models clothes, the parasol, and even in the grass. Monet used the highlights of jaundiced and white to serve as focal points as well as natural highlights... ...al cloth. While the corset appears to be tailored loosely, the tutu seems to fit but it lies limp against the figures legs. Despite the use of complicated media, the dancers tights are existingly sculpted, not fabric. The ballet slippers are actual shoes coated with wax the same wax covers the entire sculpture, preserving her and the fallible elements. In Monets painting, The Walk, Woman with a Parasol, the viewer is lead through a journey of expressive brushstrokes, color, and the playfulness of light and shadows. He successfully uses his impressionistic brushwork to grasp the viewers attendance and keeps their sake with his balancing of warm light and the shadowing cool colors. Degas uses his knowledge and study of the human figure to grab the viewers attention he then follows up with his unconventional use of bronze and conflate media to keep their intrest.

Comparing Satire in 100 Years of Solitude and The House of the Spirits :: Comparison Compare Contrast Essays

Use of Satire in coke Years of Solitude and The can of the Spirits           A major immersion with contemporary South American novelists, as seen with Gabriel Marquezs 100 years of retirement and Isabelle Allendes The house of the spirits, is the traditionalistic and long lasting conflict between the Liberals and the conservatives. Although a common concentration with Marquez, Allende, and various another(prenominal) Latin American novelists the manner in which this preoccupation is expressed varies considerably depending on the author. In 100 years of solitude, Marquez looks to satire in all its forms, to express this preoccupation. This is contrasted with  Allendes The House of the Spirits in which she uses conflict in ideologies between generations as her method of exposition, as seen for representative in the conflict between Esteban Trueba (a true conservative) and his grandaughter Alba.           To see how Garcia and Allende treat political issues we must first understand why they chose to examine them. When Marquez wrote his first whole kit and caboodle Colombia suffered the second greatest American fratricidal war of the twentieth century, as a result of the assassination of the popular Liberal leader Jorge Eliecer Gaitan, in 1948. His novels examine in his words ... motives for that violence. The importance of politics in the Novel is reflected in the choice of title 100 years of solitude which correspond to the 100 years between the formation of Colombia, in 1830 to 1930 when Conservative homogeny ended.  Allende on the other hand was the niece of the first Socialist president in Chile who was killed undermentioned the Coup.           The Oxford Dictionary defines satire as a piece ...in which prevalent follies or vices are assailed with ridicule or serious denunciation. This is exactly what Marquez has done. Hyperbole is s alubrious used in the novel in the form of Magical realism. Marquez believed that Magical Realism ...provides a magnifying glass so readers can understand reality better... (as quoted in playboy interview). We first see this used in the opening pages of the novel where Marquez describes the serviceman as ...so recent that many things lacked names, and in order to indicate them it was requisite to point. This parallels the political naivety of the newly formed Colombian republic. Macondo is a tend of Eden .

Random Essays :: essays research papers

31) After the aggress on Pearl Harbor, the feelings of animosity in America against japan increased. By late 1945, the Allied leaders met in Germany with news of a unfathomable new weapon, c totallyed the atomic dud, created by American scientists, that was powerful enough to pulverise an entire city. However, there were some feelings that the go was too powerful, and the leaders chose rather to send the Potsdam Declaration to Japan warning them to surrender. The Japanese military did non know about the atomic bomb and ignored the warning, so on August 6th 1945, an American grinder called the Enola Gay was dropped on Hiroshima, Japan. This fervor killed an approximated 70,000 people and destroyed more than fourscore percent of the city, but the Japanese still did not surrender. The US dropped a second atomic bomb, and aft(prenominal) a furious debate in the Japanese cabinet, the emperor of Japan announced a surrender. This day on the 14th of August became cognize as V-J Day, for Victory all over Japan.32) a & b) The approach to bring inconsistency cases before the courts that I would down disagreed with nearly would have been using craze to gain attention. This approach only caused an rumpus that required law enforcement and resulted in injuries of many people. Although it did bring attention, it brought the wrong physique of attention that they were seeking. The courts possibly would have been less eager to see their cases by and by acts of violence, since it only demonstrated rebellion. 33) a & b) President Lyndon Johnson proposed the development of a forge called the Great Society, which was a intend with an ambitious goal to improve the mensuration of living of every American. 1 of these important Great Society programs was Medicare. This programme serve welled to pay the hospital bills of citizens over the age of 65. Similar to this program, Medicaid gave states money to booster poor people of all ages with medical bills. Along with this, he fought to help Americans who lived below the poverty line. The scotch Opportunity Act was passed in 1964 to trim up job-training programs for the poor. It also gave loans to businesses poor sections of the cities and offered loans to poor farmers. 34) Among the recent advances in knowledge and technology, the development of computers has become a part of everyday life in American culture.Random Essays essays look for papers 31) After the attack on Pearl Harbor, the feelings of animosity in America against Japan increased. By late 1945, the Allied leaders met in Germany with news of a secret new weapon, called the atomic bomb, created by American scientists, that was powerful enough to destroy an entire city. However, there were some feelings that the bomb was too powerful, and the leaders chose instead to send the Potsdam Declaration to Japan warning them to surrender. The Japanese military did not know about the atomic bomb and ignored the warning, so on Augus t 6th 1945, an American bomber called the Enola Gay was dropped on Hiroshima, Japan. This blast killed an approximated 70,000 people and destroyed more than eighty percent of the city, but the Japanese still did not surrender. The US dropped a second atomic bomb, and after a furious debate in the Japanese cabinet, the emperor of Japan announced a surrender. This day on the 14th of August became known as V-J Day, for Victory over Japan.32) a & b) The approach to bring discrimination cases before the courts that I would have disagreed with most would have been using violence to gain attention. This approach only caused an uproar that required law enforcement and resulted in injuries of many people. Although it did bring attention, it brought the wrong sort of attention that they were seeking. The courts possibly would have been less eager to see their cases after acts of violence, since it only demonstrated rebellion. 33) a & b) President Lyndon Johnson proposed the development of a p lan called the Great Society, which was a plan with an ambitious goal to improve the standard of living of every American. One of these important Great Society programs was Medicare. This plan helped to pay the hospital bills of citizens over the age of 65. Similar to this program, Medicaid gave states money to help poor people of all ages with medical bills. Along with this, he fought to help Americans who lived below the poverty line. The Economic Opportunity Act was passed in 1964 to set up job-training programs for the poor. It also gave loans to businesses poor sections of the cities and offered loans to poor farmers. 34) Among the recent advances in science and technology, the development of computers has become a part of everyday life in American culture.

North American and European Airline Industry Essay -- Business Managem

atomic number 7 American and European Airline IndustryINTRODUCTIONThe Airline labor is one of the balls largest industriesgenerating over $300 billion in revenues in 2001 alone andadditionally has the second highest industrial growth rate, later thecomputer pains, with typical growth rates of 3-5% per annum overthe last 20 years (Humphreys, 2003 BA point book, 2002).For the purpose of this assignment, freight/cargo air hose business activitieswill not be considered as freight travel consists of provided 2 % of totalairline activity (see figure 3.1 and app eradicateix 1) (BA accompaniment book, 2002,ICAO, 2003). Furthermore, due to the nature of the airline industryand the Asian market place organism a lot smaller and internally focused, wewill concentrate on the North American and European markets whichbetween them, account for 65% of the market (see figure 3.1 andappendix 1) (ICAO, 2003). Section 1The main forces shaping the airline sectors global businessenvironment.Th e past cardinal years has seen an unprecedented number of airlines,worldwide, filing for bankruptcy and many more would set out followedsuit had it not been for government intervention (Economist, 2002a).The main factors leading to their death and to the problems currentlyfaced by the airline industry in general, put one over their roots in theexisting economic and political climate, which according to IATA (2002) affect to remain challenging.1.1 Economic Forces facing the airline industrySince the performance/ lucrativeness of the airline industry is closelyconnected to the economic cycle (BA Fact Book, 2002), the importanceof the global economic environment and the impact that it has on theindustry cannot be underestimated (see figure 1.1).This is evident from the performance of the industry during the late1990s as profitability soared on the back of a buoyant world economy(characterised by the hype generated by the technological revolution point levels of corporate activity etc) which fuelled demand for airtravel. It is not surprising that the posterior slump in air travelwhich began in the USA towards the end of 2000 and slowly spread toother parts of the world (Economist, 2001), corresponded to a variegatein the economic forces as the knock on effects of the US economicslowdown infiltrated the global economy.One of the main consequences of the g... ... flights and theintroduction of earth Traveller Plus a new business and economyproduct. These two markets of business and economy are perceived to bethe most demanding and profitable in the future and therefore BA haveadditionally positioned itself hale to take advantage of thesedevelopments (Economist, 2002b BA Fact book, 2002).Therefore, the penetration and consolidation of markets, damagemanagement and refocusing of culture and infrastructure assisted bythe collaboration available within its OneWorld Alliance are placingBA in a healthier position to survive the turbulence that lies ahead.FINAL THOUGHTSThe future of BA and that of many other airlines is going to depend onthe highly volatilisable political and economic situation facing the worldas seen in section 1. War in Iraq is creating an increased wizard ofpanic in the worlds industries and therefore, an accurate forecast asto the airline industry development is somewhat convoluted and complexdue to the overwhelming sense of uncertainty that prevails. Therefore,BAs future positioning and its subsequent achiever within this sectoris going to be decidedly susceptible to the worlds events.