General Othello in Othello Essay -- Othello essays

William Shakespeare gave us a most moving drama in Othello. In this play we witness the demise of a paragon of a wife and a valiant Moor, Othello. Let us consider the Moor in detail, with professional critical input, in this essay. From the textbook of the play a number of clues can be gleaned which round out the description of the general. In William Shakespeare The Tragedies, capital of Minnesota A. Jorgensen describes the general in Othello Though scarcely the roughshod (1.3.353) he is called, the Moor is emphatically black, probably rough, even fearsome, in appearance, and a foreign mercenary from Mauritania in refined Venice. Though of royal blood, since the age of septet he had a restrictive, painful life, being sold into slavery and spending most of his life in the tented field (1.3.85). His occupation (3.3.357), to a degree instal in no other Shakespearean hero, is war. He can therefore speak of the great world little more than pertains to feats of broil and battle (1.3 .87). entirely that he loves the gentle Desdemona, he would to have given up a life of unsettled war and his unhoused free condition / For the seas value (1.2.26-27). (58) The first appearance of the protagonist is in Act 1 Scene2, where Iago is pathologically lying about Brabantio and himself and the ancients relations with the general and about everything in general. Othello responds very coolly and confidently to the pressing issue of Brabantios mob coming after him Let him do his spite. / My services which I have do the signiory / Shall out-tongue his complaints. However, Cassios party approaches first, with a demand for the generals haste-post-haste appearance before the Venetian council due to the Turkish attempt on Cyp... ... rises to the occasion and refutes the lies of her keep up at the price of her life. Her martyr-like example inspires Othello to sacrifice his life next to the corpse of Desdemona for he Like the base Judean, threw a pearl away / Richer than all h is race . . . . He dies a noble death, just as he has lived a noble life. Michael Cassios evaluation of his end is our evaluation This did I fear, but melodic theme he had no weapon / For he was great of heart. WORKS CITED Shakespeare, William. Othello. In The Electric Shakespeare. Princeton University. 1996. http//www.eiu.edu/multilit/studyabroad/othello/othello_all.html No line nos. Coles, Blanche. Shakespeares Four Giants. Rindge, New Hampshire Richard Smith Publisher, 1957. Jorgensen, Paul A. William Shakespeare The Tragedies. Boston Twayne Publishers, 1985.

Middle Childhood Essay -- Child Development, Early Childhood

A. Freeze rag, is an other variation of the game Tag. Where the mortal who is it tags everyone but alternatively of macrocosm out of the game once tagged, the somebody will be frozen in place until another player un-freeze the player, for instance by despic competent the frozen player on the shoulder. Freeze tag, first begins by gathering a group of players, deciding on who is it, determining this may be volunteering oneself or playing a game like rock, paper, scissor. After determining the person who is it, he or she will count up to a number allowing the other players to scatter, giving them enough time to get away from the person who is it. When the person is finish counting, he/she will chase others to tag, once they are tagged the person is frozen in place. The only way to unfreeze them is when another player affectes them. The object of the game is for the person who is it to freeze everyone in the game and the last person to be tagged is the next to become it in the next game. Freeze Tag age range, when children start playing and understanding the rules of freeze tag would be from age 5-8.B CognitiveDuring the transaction from early childhood towards middle childhood, not only is there evidence of physical change but withal cordial change in children. In 1996 Janowsky & Carper, and Sowell et al.,(2007), noted the increase of myelination in the frontal cortex, allowing further development of mental development, for instance the increase focus of attention, able to solve complex problems, planning and also ability to reflection upon their actions (Lightfoot, pg393). In the game Freeze Tag, when a child is frozen after being touch by the person who is it another child might lead the person who is it towards them allowing a... ... that one is exercising and just enjoying while having fun. Its also a tension release from the pressures and expectation of the outside world, being only focus only on the short fast period of time. Older children would p robably show the said(prenominal) excitement of when they first started playing the game Freeze Tag. Having more self control when frozen and more of a concrete focus on mental operation and strategy. Freeze Tag at any age would bring back a feeling of nostalgia to people who are playing, a feeling of being stress free and just focusing on the goal of the game. That just involves playing with a group of people until they get tired of playing. Freeze Tag starts from when you can understand and comply with the rules until determining that you have no more energy to keep up, its basically an ageless game that will sustain for many generations of children.

Satire and Fantasy in Kurt Vonneguts Cats Cradle Essay -- Kurt Vonne

Satire and Fantasy in Kurt Vonneguts Cats CradleFor this essay, I decided to pick two terms that secernate Cats Cradle. I felt that satire and fantasy were two terms that suited the novel quite well. The book qualifies as a satire because it makes a farce comedy of things that were of concern in the sixties. For example, the Cuban missile crisis was a big issue in the early sixties. Religion was taken much more seriously, and the family unit was more tightly wound. In the novel, the threat comes non from a large warhead, nevertheless from a small crystal of Ice-nine. Religion is satired in Bokononism, which is a religion that is found on lies. The family unit is satired by the Hoenikkers. The father is detached from reality, the sister is a giant, and the brother is a midget. The Cuban threat is also satirized by San Lorenzo and its dictator soda pop Monzano. Cats Cradle also has many elements of fantasy woven throughout. A small crystal that peck freeze water and can destroy the world and can only be stopped by a temperature of 114 degrees is a good example of the fantasy element in the novel. It gives the story an almost futuristic feel, however though by modern standards the book is dated. Jonahs whole adventure is reminiscent of mythological tales. He journeys to a far away land, San Lorenzo. He is called to adventure by Newts letter. He finds a mystical talisman, Ice-nine. He falls in love with the beautiful maiden, Mona. The religion of Bokononism has a fantasy element to it. Johnson changes his name to Bokonon much want in Buddhism. There are all the writings in the Books of Bokonon, and the Boko-maru which are both fantastic ideas in themselves.Cats Cradle contains many elements of many types of genres. It could be consider... ...t has no real motivation, and why should he when he is going to be taken care of by Angela for the rest of his life. I like Newt because he does non feel sorry for himself, and treats everything matter-of-factly and as if it is obvious, Isnt everybody self-taught? Newt appears to be a person who does not care what everyone else thinks and always strives to be an individual. I think that the satire merely in Cats Cradle is enough to encourage humanity to make a better world. Vonnegut makes things seem funny in the book that really are not funny in real life, such as an atom bomb, a father who ignores his child and everyone else, and an island where people are hung for practicing a certain religion. The book is amusing, but it made me think about what the world would be like if it really was that way. It would be horrible, and definitely nothing to laugh at.

Multicultural Education Means Mediocre Education :: miscellaneous

Multicultural Education Means Mediocre EducationLet me pay off this essay by stating that I am a retired incline teacher of 34 long time experience and believe that I have treated solely of my students fairly and equitably. Three times I had been named into Whos Who Among American Teachers and two of those nominations have been by minority students, one black and one Hispanic. Those students realized that my schoolroom standards were just as tough on them as they were on the majority Caucasian students and that I gave them no favoritism, slack or handicap for their minority-status ethnicity. I had perpetually refused to dumb down my curriculum (Grammar, Vocabulary, Literature, Writing Skills) to accommodate students that lacked motivation, desire, curiosity, cooperation, respect for teacher authority and a willingness to learn. A year before I retired in 1999 my pith Schools slope Department had a special curriculum meeting and the Administration and my Department Supervisor w anted to change and modernize the English curriculums publications textbooks. The choice eventually narrowed down to two distinct textbook series (grades six-to-eight) and my schools nine English teachers voted on which companys series to incorporate into the schools English curriculum. Obviously administrative fiat (and pressure and trends from the State Department of Education) was more than important than teacher democratic input and the English Departments overwhelmingly selected first choice was abruptly discarded because the other more politically correct literary productions textbook series from the administratively preferred company happened to have more cultural diversity and subsequently was more multicultural. For thirty-four years I had loved teaching imaginative literature featuring such accomplished authors as Edgar Allan Poe, Jack London, Alexander Dumas, Charles Dickens, H.G. Wells, Washington Irving, Jules Verne, Mark Twain, S.E. Hinton, George Eliot, Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, Victor Hugo, William Shakespeare, George Orwell, Kurt Vonnegut, O. Henry and pack Thurber. Apparently the fact that all of the aforementioned authors were white was a major problem because most of them had been effectively excluded in the newly acquired literature texts. The old literature texts and program were too white-oriented and were not consistent with New Jersey and USA politically correct trends in multicultural education.The new eighth grade literature textbook featured on its cover a painting of Sam Adoqueis Portrait of Rockney C. A statement inside the text indicated that Sam Adoquei was innate(p) in the West African country of Ghana and that Adoquei was a contemporary artist that loved painting landscapes.

The Role of Friar Lawrence in William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet Es

The Role of Friar Lawrence in William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet When we first meet Friar Lawrence (), he appears to be picking flowers and herbs. He shows us he has a deeper understanding of the char operationeristics of herbs and how everything has a good and bad side Within the infant rind of this weak flower Poison hath residence and medecine power. This excessively relates to the families of Romeo and Juliet. It outstandingally hints about the bad things to come such as the death of one of the family members. The audience develops the idea of Friar Lawrence acting as a preceptor to Romeo Good morrow, father. The noun father indicates how close the relationship between them is and how he goes beyond his role of being a Friar. I think that this isnt right act of Friar and it might lead to trouble. He also seems to be able to judge people Our Romeo hath not been in bed to-night. This makes the Friar seem to realize special abil ities, which may help in later events. I think that Friar Lawrence is not to blame, this far into the play because he is acting out of his let good will. When Romeo tells Friar Lawrence about his love towards Juliet, he is shocked Holy Saint Francis what a change is here In the same speech that he delivers this line, he changes his mind into thinking it is a good idea To turn your households rancour to pure love. The noun rancour shows how much the two families loathe each other. We generate the impression that Friar Lawrence is nave and that his plans are spontaneous. He is not aware of the consequences of marrying Romeo and Juliet. We also see... ... the tragic death of Romeo and Juliet I am the greatest able to do least, Yet most suspected, as the time and place Doth make against me, of this direful murder And here I stand, both to impeach and purge, Myself condemned and myself excused. He pleads guilty just now at the same time innocent. We think that he tries to make the Prince feel sorry for him and it works in the end We have still known thee for a holy man. Overall we see that the play rotates around Friar Lawrence and that he is an agent of the drama. From my point of view, I think that Friar Lawrence is to blame because despite his frank intentions, he could have done something to stop the tragedy from happening. Friar Lawrences character changes dramatically as well as his use of language and dramatic significance.

The Role of Friar Lawrence in William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet Es

The Role of friar Lawrence in William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet When we first meet Friar Lawrence (), he appears to be picking flowers and herbs. He shows us he has a deeper understanding of the characteristics of herbs and how everything has a good and bad side Within the infant rind of this weak flower poisonous substance hath residence and medecine power. This also relates to the families of Romeo and Juliet. It dramatically hints about the bad things to come such as the death of one of the family members. The audience develops the idea of Friar Lawrence performing as a father to Romeo Good morrow, father. The noun father indicates how close the relationship between them is and how he goes beyond his role of being a Friar. I think that this isnt right act of Friar and it might lead to trouble. He also seems to be able to judge people Our Romeo hath not been in bed to-night. This makes the Friar seem to have special abilities, wh ich may help in later events. I think that Friar Lawrence is not to condemn, this far into the play beca employ he is acting out of his own good will. When Romeo tells Friar Lawrence about his love towards Juliet, he is shocked Holy Saint Francis what a change is here In the analogous speech that he delivers this line, he changes his mind into thinking it is a good idea To turn your households rancour to pure love. The noun rancour shows how much the two families detest each other. We get the impression that Friar Lawrence is nave and that his plans are spontaneous. He is not aware of the consequences of marrying Romeo and Juliet. We also see... ... the tragic death of Romeo and Juliet I am the superior able to do least, Yet most suspected, as the time and place Doth make against me, of this direful murder And here I stand, both to impeach and purge, Myself condemned and myself excused. He pleads guilty but at the same time innocent. We thin k that he tries to make the Prince feel sorry for him and it works in the end We have distillery known thee for a holy man. Overall we see that the play rotates around Friar Lawrence and that he is an agent of the drama. From my point of view, I think that Friar Lawrence is to blame because despite his honorable intentions, he could have done something to stop the tragedy from happening. Friar Lawrences character changes dramatically as well as his use of language and dramatic significance.

Ethnicity and Race are significant problems in education

There be umpteen points to be discussed when mentioning to race and ethnicity in way, some of the points are in estimation of ethnics and minority groups in instruction, whereas some points are against the thought. In this essay, I result show my points for both in favor and against, followed by illustrations and grounds in our mundane lives.One of the points for the thought of ethnical minorities in instruction is extinguishing racism from schools and transmiting kids up in a multi- pagan environment. For illustration, 30-40-years ago, back when my parents were analyzing in the UK, I know my pa was one of the three masses who wore a turban in the whole school, subsequently on this became two people, as he was picked on which so pressured him into cutting his hair. How invariably, in today s twenty-four hours and age at that place are evidently more cultural minority groups in schools which hence, wills more support and encouragement to oppositewise cultural minority g roups. So reaching racial groups whether they are pupils or teachers, has had a immense impact on Asians in peculiar as it had made them to be soaring of who they are every import good as non giving into peer force per unit area. On the other manus this could too convey in negative encouragement as it could ensue in strong forces in- baseball club or group ties. This could besides use to a functionalism position where they think that an single transmits value and beliefs, where these are indispensable constituents of social make up and can recede into the struggle position as groups in society are engaged in uninterrupted power battle for control of limited resources.Accents engender proven to be a big obstruction with respects to cultural minorities in instruction, whether it is rationality both instructor s and a pupil s speech pattern. As we are all cognizant, communicating is a critical accomplishment today. It is non besides indispensable in larning but besides indisp ensable in maintain relationships. A difference in speech patterns could do a great item of misinterpretation and the aptitude to larn at a much slower gait compared to other pupils, at that placefore impeding a pupil s ability to larn from a instructors point of position, it will be hard and very clip devouring for his/her pupils to understand what is world taught. This could besides ensue in the instructor and/or pupils losing forbearance every bit good as assurance.However, contrary to that, there are many illustrations of some well-established people in the cultural minorities who have made a difference to people s lives, every bit good as besides doing singular alterations to the universe. This highlights another point in favor of holding cultural minorities involved in instruction. For illustration Mahatma Ghandi and Martin Luther King, both preached non force, civil rights and equality. Although these people were non straight involved in instruction, they did hold a porti on to drama as they were sermonizers and taught wellbeing, which shows that they are instructors in educating people how to populate.Schools have started to learn about other faiths and other races, which mean that people now have a soften thought and apprehension of different cultural backgrounds. This has understandingd peace and friendly relationship between races at school which has resulted in less communicating, less racial cause and force in schools. There are school athleticss squads which encourage all pupils of all backgrounds to take portion in, demoing equality and they are all given opportunities to take part and stand for their schools non based on their coloring material or background, but based on their single endowments, so excess course of guinea pig activities are utile and besides promote cultural minorities. Some schools and colleges have now besides built supplication suites to suit people of the Muslim religion. This consequences in instruction and society going multicultural, accepting people of all religions. This thought has a strong component of societal building, back uping an interactionist position as society is created through the interactions of persons and groups, where persons portion interpret their experiences which this influences others actions.School s have been encyclopaedism pupils about other spiritual festivals in other faiths e.g. Diwali and Eid to the extent, some schools bring in particular invitee talkers from the several faiths to acquire a full detailed, descriptive and an accurate overview of their festivals one time once more advancing multi-cultural positions in instruction.As we discussed earlier with respects to speech patterns, a batch is really stereotyped. For illustration we see an person from the cultural minority and automatically presume what his address is like, what his light is like. However as we have merely discovered, 2 of the universe s greatest leaders have been of cultural startles a nd their speech pattern or them being stereotyped did non forestall them from accomplishing what they have achieved boulder clay day of the month. For case, Margaret Thatcher was the first female premier curate in England people thought that merely because she was a adult female, she could non win which they assumed. Again, same with Barack Obama the first African American president, people assumed the same. Persons did non cognize these people or even heard of them, but they as yet made their judgements and premises. Now, we have female professionals, Black leaders and besides Asiatic enterprisers where each of them are successful which leads me on to cite in my sentiment that there is no such thing as sexism or racism any longer. Furthermore, the thought of meritocracy could besides back up this as it theoretically ground tackles in equality and equity to carry through achieved position in society. This is expressed through the belief that there is a flat playing field and with the take aim of those that achieve the best, merit the best occupations.Class and educational public presentation show a really close relationship, this has been the issue during the twentieth century regardless of how the instruction system has been structured. Students from upper and in-between category backgrounds are well expected to travel into higher instruction than those from the working category backgrounds. This is because some on the job category parents do non stress instruction as a precedence to make good in life compared to upper or shopping center category parents. This could perchance be the ground why the working category underachieve and be put into lower groups. A known theoretician Bourdieu 1 specified that in-between category people are those that benefit as they have the right cultural capital, go throughing on civilization and the right attitudes and cognition to their kids, which shows that the more the cultural capital you have, the successful you are w ithin instruction. Marxism could travel against the thought of Bourdieu s cultural capital, as Marxist believe that the instruction system is unrelenting to the working category due to the fact that text books, and necessities for schools are merely bought by upper and middles categories as working category can non afford them turn out that the working category will non larn. Another factor which affects societal category is labelling. Teachers label pupils harmonizing to their visual aspect, verbal communicating and societal category. From this instructors are more plausibly to judge a pupil and suit them into standards covertly.Education has encountered race and ethnicity jobs for several old ages. The uninterrupted educational issues affecting race and ethnicity of all schools will ever do contention in society, as there is ever prejudice and abomination.The usage of the two footings race and ethnicity is diverse. I think the two footings are employ as if they are equal. I besides agree that race is non now, nor has it of all time been, merely about the physical description of human fluctuation. Since its beginning in Western scientific discipline in the 18th century, race has been used both to sort and to rank human existences harmonizing to inferior and superior types 2 .Ethnicity is a group of people who are connected with each other through a common heritage for e.g. possibly through linguistic communication, civilization or an political orientation that emphasises lineage or intermarriage. Consequently, these groups of people are distinguished from other groups through signifiers such as racial, lingual, economic, spiritual and political affairs.Racial tension and favoritism became more evident towards the terminal of the twentieth century. This evoked writeant concerns, particularly in schools. Schools, for some are the last halt for social combine and for others they it is the simplistic reply in decreasing racism and deriving sociableness between White persons and minority groups in society.Many argue that it is unreasonable to go under the duty for get the correct ofing racism on the schools, peculiarly when other establishments have non accomplished in promoting better race dealingss. However, schools do hold the potency to do an of import engagement to the betterment of racial force per unit area in society. Students spend a major fraction of their lives in school until they reach immature maturity. School consciousness takes topographic point at a point in pupils lives when they are most unfastened to socialization, attitude behavior, display case patterned advance and new experiences. While attending at school is compulsory, some pupils are non entertained by school life. Even though schools may non be able to belie the racism that exists in society wholly, they do hold the opportunity and chance to consistently support and besides promote approving societal dealingss towards pupils from all racial cultur al groups. I think that for schools to assist sociableness and racial integrating pedagogues ought to be cognizant about the limitations and opportunities school policies and practises inflict on pupils about societal relationships. For instructors and decision makers their chief purpose is to give academic accomplishment for pupils, but their patterns and policies they implement to achieve their academic purposes can besides impact the scuttle that pupils have multiracial interactions and organize multiracial friendly relationships.It has been shown by sociological research, every procedure of interpersonal attractive forces conducted by the societal descriptions of the background in which the connexions occur. Abolished school shows chiefly an accurate context. These schools have said to hold an cultural and racial composing, unwraping largely the general population. Furthermore, there is non a fetch or a precise definition of desegregated schools. 3 On a day-to-day footing man y kids have to cover with particular demands. However, non merely multiracial kids have to pull off with the common jobs of childhood and household fortunes, they besides have to cover with a state of affairs of individuality. It has been said that students that are cultural minority are farther expected to come crosswise racism from other students and from people who are portion of a group of the broader society than from instructors. By any agencies these experiences of racism could worsen necessary letdown and choler from some cultural minority pupils, which teachers must be answered with penalty procedures, likely affecting pupil s exclusion. In this aspect instructors are moving in reply to a state of affairs for which they are non responsible for themselves.I think that there is the slightest possibility that some schools may possibly are now more cognizant of equality of chances jobs and that they have developed and introduced policies in raise to raise equality of chances f or both cultural minority pupils and females.There are diverse representations for school pupils from different minority cultural groups. Asiatic backgrounds ( Indian, Bangladeshi and Pakistani ) are normally define by the linguistic communications they speak and for that ground are seen as an bullying, socially every bit good as academically to white kids 4 .Asiatic and black kids were non deriving the opportunities and advantages from the British instruction system that most parents hoped for in the early 1970 s 5 .I think that the concern for pupils of Asiatic beginning has fluctuated in some ways compared to black pupils, for illustration they have gained a positive stereotype as perfect pupils . Cultural minorities are expected to belong to to socio-economic groups this will therefore increase their educational failing. In 1996 Gillborn and Gipps 6 conducted a sum-up of the literature on the academic attainment of minority cultural group pupils and resulted that Pakistani an d Bangladeshi pupils, in add-on to African-Caribbean beginning were missing in accomplishment in relation to their white equals. However, on the other manus Indian pupils appeared to hold shown patterned advance and performed good compared to their equals.% demoing GCSE achievement cardinal or more higher class base on ballss 7 Both educational growth and accomplishments are non the same. It is likely for a figure of groups to do good betterments and yet still carry through lower criterion accomplishments. The belief of the school is of import but societal background is of much larger importance. On the other manus small grounds for different school influences for cultural minorities. This suggests that same schools are chiefly effectual for cultural minority pupils.An intensifying measure of research has determined on schoolrooms and pupil-teacher interactions. The consequences often raise indispensable inquiries sing the manner in which pupils are understanding and sing schoolin g.It was non until 2003 that the authorities foremost published statistics demoing GCSE pass-rates across different cultural groups. Statisticss show that Indian, Chinese, and African-Asian students systematically have higher degrees of accomplishment than other cultural groups across all the Key Stages. In contrast, Black, Pakistani, Bangladeshi and Gypsy/traveller students systematically have lower degrees of attainment than other cultural groups across all the Key Stages. It is critical to recognize that there is major single distinction in accomplishment within each group. Bangladeshi and Black Caribbean pupils will make highly good and several Chinese pupils will non win.Still, authorized consequences were published in November 2007 screening that Black pupils were reasoning the educational spread at GCSE. The statistics of Black Caribbean pupils achieving five sensible General certificate of secondary education has revealed about twice the national rise, meaning that the sprea d has lessened by 8 % points within four old ages. A point to do about the modern-day instruction system is that the least achieving group in footings of deriving five A*-C classs at GCSE is white propertyless male childs.I think that if bulk of Black pupils are below wining so it certain inquiries sing the instruction system. Institutionally, is the instruction system racialist?Harmonizing to research I think that good and sensible practise in early old ages of instruction should attach learning with cultural and community, besides personal values to organize a shared acquisition brush between the instructor and the parents of a pupil in order to attest top results for all pupils.Personally, the race concern can non be dealt within a individual country. The instruction system entirely can non give all the replies, even though it does hold the opportunity and the duty to do critical engagement towards the formation of a better society.Again, instruction in other states, e.g. Afric a or India is more of import for the pupil to interrupt out of poorness where the lone manner forward is instruction which will give them accomplishments to break them and finally do a difference. However, here in UK, I feel that pupils take advantage of instruction as it is mandatory and do non appreciate it.Racism is considered as a permanent fixture 8 of society, accordingly meaning that racism is ever an of import factor within the argument and evidently there it is non required to do comprehendible that it continues. The critical race opening as a consequence seeks to stand for and oppugn racism in its different signifiers. The critical race theory is a manner of looking at race dealingss, particularly in the USA, in a extended context compared to the conventional civil rights. Its intent is to convey uncertainness towards broad thoughts of objectiveness or colour-blindness and come up to proving race affairs which, it claims it can still beef up Whites reaction.As you can see, many points have been detailed above in relation to race and ethnicity in instruction, both for and against. After careful consideration and analysis, I believe it is better for there to be other races and cultural minorities involved in instruction today. It can be seen that points against are easy overcome and are therefore negligible in comparing to the points for . The fact that we have grounds that proves holding a multicultural environment in schools is better for people s assurance and to enabling them to bewilder to their cultural beliefs, is a definite ground to back up my sentiment, and goes hand-in-hand with what the great leaders such as Martin Luther King and Mahatma Ghandi taught and lived for.Possible ways of how we can better the race and ethnicity state of affairs in instruction is by promoting and enabling engagement of ethnics in instruction. This will let doing an betterment to the universe and peoples every bit good as pupils lives, last but non least it will better the quality of instruction overall. Again, we have seen how large reputable leaders such as Gandhi and Martin Luther King have had a immense presence in the instruction and civil rights countries, and by utilizing them as graven images and illustrations, we can promote more cultural minority groups to step up and makes alterations for the better, demoing equality amongst races.

Akbar the Great

Abul-Fath Jalal-ud-Din Muhammad Akbar(Hindi ,Persian ? Jalal ud-Din Mu? ammad Akbar), also known asShahanshahAkbar-e-Azam (14 October 1542 27 October 1605),45was the thirdMughal Emperor. He was ofTimurid melodic line the word of honor of EmperorHumayun, and the grandson of the Mughal Emperor Zaheeruddin MuhammadBabur, the ruler who founded the Mughal dynasty in India. At the end of his reign in 1605 the Mughal empire covered more or less of northern and central India.He is most apprehended for having a liberal outlook on all faiths and beliefs and during his era, culture and art reached a zenith as compared to his predecessors. Akbar was 13 years old when he ascended the Mughal hind end inDelhi(February 1556), following the death of his father Humayun. 6During his reign, he eliminated armed forces threats from the regent(postnominal)Pashtundescendants ofSher Shah Suri, and at theSecond Battle of Panipathe decisively discomfited the fresh self-declared Hindi kingHemu. 78 It took him nearly two more decades to consolidate his power and bring all the parts of northern andcentral Indiainto his direct realm. He influenced the entire of the Indian Subcontinent as he ruled a heavy(p)er part of it as an emperor. As an emperor, Akbar solidified his rule by pursuing statecraft with the powerfulHinduRajputcaste, and by marrying a Rajput princess. 79 Akbars reign significantly influenced art and culture in the country. He was a great patron of art and architecture10He took a great interest in painting, and had the walls of his palaces adorned withmurals.Besides encouraging the development of theMughal school, he also patronised the European style of painting. He was raw of literature, and had some(prenominal)Sanskritworks translated into Persian and Persian scriptures translated in Sanskrit apart from getting many Persian works illustrated by painters from his court. 10During the early years of his reign, he showed intolerant office towards Hindus and o ther religions, but later exercised tolerance towards non-Islamic faiths by rolling back some of the strictsharialaws. 111213His administration included numerous Hindu landlords, courtiers and military generals. He began a series of religious debates whereMuslim scholarswould debate religious matters withHindus,Jains,ZoroastriansandPortugueseRoman CatholicJesuits. He treated these religious leaders with great consideration, irrespective of their faith, and revered them. He not only granted lands and money for the mosques but the list of the recipients included a huge number Hindu temples in north and central India, Christian churches in Goa.Akbar the GreatAbul-Fath Jalal-ud-Din Muhammad Akbar(Hindi ,Persian ? Jalal ud-Din Mu? ammad Akbar), also known asShahanshahAkbar-e-Azam (14 October 1542 27 October 1605),45was the thirdMughal Emperor. He was ofTimuriddescent the son of EmperorHumayun, and the grandson of the Mughal Emperor Zaheeruddin MuhammadBabur, the ruler who founded t he Mughal dynasty in India. At the end of his reign in 1605 the Mughal empire covered most of northern and central India.He is most appreciated for having a liberal outlook on all faiths and beliefs and during his era, culture and art reached a zenith as compared to his predecessors. Akbar was 13 years old when he ascended the Mughal throne inDelhi(February 1556), following the death of his father Humayun. 6During his reign, he eliminated military threats from the powerfulPashtundescendants ofSher Shah Suri, and at theSecond Battle of Panipathe decisively defeated the newly self-declared Hindu kingHemu. 78It took him nearly two more decades to consolidate his power and bring all the parts of northern andcentral Indiainto his direct realm. He influenced the whole of the Indian Subcontinent as he ruled a greater part of it as an emperor. As an emperor, Akbar solidified his rule by pursuing diplomacy with the powerfulHinduRajputcaste, and by marrying a Rajput princess. 79 Akbars reign significantly influenced art and culture in the country. He was a great patron of art and architecture10He took a great interest in painting, and had the walls of his palaces adorned withmurals.Besides encouraging the development of theMughal school, he also patronised the European style of painting. He was fond of literature, and had severalSanskritworks translated into Persian and Persian scriptures translated in Sanskrit apart from getting many Persian works illustrated by painters from his court. 10During the early years of his reign, he showed intolerant attitude towards Hindus and other religions, but later exercised tolerance towards non-Islamic faiths by rolling back some of the strictsharialaws. 111213His administration included numerous Hindu landlords, courtiers and military generals. He began a series of religious debates whereMuslim scholarswould debate religious matters withHindus,Jains,ZoroastriansandPortugueseRoman CatholicJesuits. He treated these religious leaders with great consideration, irrespective of their faith, and revered them. He not only granted lands and money for the mosques but the list of the recipients included a huge number Hindu temples in north and central India, Christian churches in Goa.

Development through the Implementation of Physical Activity to Patients Suffering from Mental Illness.

IntroductionEfficient deli rattling of help is the essence of nursing. Being a victorious nurse revolves around the capability to deliver premeditation which contributes to the fountainheadbeing of the patients (Barker, 2005).In exploring the efficient delivery of criminal maintenance to patients suffering from noetic illness, this paper consists of two parts. pop a emplacement One outlines the practical and suppositional aspects of my chosen Service Improvement possible action, and part Two focuses on my in-person breeding plan. The Service Improvement Initiative outlines a plan that strives to create a healing environment done the use of mental and physiological activities, from sports to board games as a means of providing nursing heraldic bearing to patients. Apart from the medical aspect of this initiative, I pass on to a fault analyze the theoretical aspects of health portion out to determine the professional role of nurses in providing care and support that reckons to contribute to the wellbeing of patients. Additionally, I intend to discuss the splendour of harnessing leadership qualities, focus and communication skills of nurses in order to provide high-quality patient care. intellectual Health and personal and Mind ActivitiesIn the course of my observations in a psychological screen for jejunes aged 10-17 years, I noticed that on that point are very little, if any, corporal activities much(prenominal) as sports (t subject tennis, basketball, snooker, etc.). However, everywhere the years, an overwhelming wealth of evidence from nursing practice and research has clearly demonstrated the benefits of much(prenominal) activities (Hainsworth, 2006). Researchers have established that physical military execution promotes physical health and brings somewhat physiological benefits (Department of Health, 2004b). For example, Benloucif (2004) found that daylight exercises significantly improve neurophysiological performance and s leep quality particularly when they emphasize extensive duration rather than intensity.However, not only does physical activity lead to physiological benefits, but it can alike generate psychological benefits such as empowerment of patients and reduction of boredom, which in turn improve clinical out buzz offs (Ainsworth, 2006). An opposite major benefit of physical activities in hospitals and shields is the creation of a social environment in which patients thrive (Frost, 2010). For example, physical activities allow process users to socialize and engage in light conversations without showing aggression towards each other (Briles, 2005). Over time, patients go out learn the importance of effective communication with other spate, the purpose of staying at the hospital/ward, as well as the advantages of participating in decision-making and divergent activities (Wilkes-Whitehall, 2004). This is particularly cardinal for patients who are vulnerable and are in requisite of re- establishing their social skills in a controlled environment, such as adolescents suffering from mental illness. In fact, research has demonstrated that a warm and supportive social environment is an important factor in the etiology of mental illness, but also in the therapeutic healing process (Cohen, 2004).Physical activity, such as exercise and sports, has also been found to generally improve mental health conditions, such as anxiety, depression and general wellbeing (Schmitz, 2004). According to Strohle (2009), sports and exercise can moderately reduce anxiety and depression in mentally ill persons. Martinsen (2008) has also demonstrated that some activities (e.g. resistance, aerobic) can prevent the risk of depression. Goodwin (2003) reported the low scores of depression among adolescents as a result of engaging in exercise. draftsmanship on a large sample of 8,098 adolescents and adults from the ages of 15-54, Goodwin (2003) found that individuals who regularly kept themselve s physically active were less depressed. Other researchers (Penedo & Dahn, 2005) have further supported the rubric that exercise may be associated with therapeutic benefit among individuals with major depressive disorder.Moreover, the majority of cross-sectional studies have showed that an improved cognitive performance is related to physical fitness (Callaghan, 2004). There are implications of these findings. For example, patients who frequently engage in physical activities may become much more open to considering alternative therapies and treatments.Aside from their physiological benefits, those who participated in this exercise-therapy also showed a generally more resilient and healthier psychological state. In fact, it is well-documented that physical activities and exercise are vital in strengthening self-image and conceit in all age free radicals, especially among children and middle-aged adults (Folkins & Sime, 1981). Research has demonstrated that people who participat e in physical activity have an improved self-image (Elavsky et al., 2005). As self-image is an important factor in helping patients to be less vulnerable during social re-integration, clinical outcomes are improved. Additionally, Kirkcaldy, Shephard, and Siefen (2002) presented evidence that participating in physical exercises alleviates social withdrawal, low self-esteem, and depression which are the negative symptoms of schizophrenia.Taking the above-mentioned case studies as well as other relevant literature together, it is clear that there is considerable evidence showing that physical activity through exercise and sports is effective in improving the mental and physical conditions of mentally ill go users. These physical activities promote better life quality via boosting self-esteem, reducing anxiety, improving mood, sleep and resilience to stress (Ekeland et al, 2009).However, further research is still needed to line the effective exercise regimes and feasible delivery moda lities for patients with varying illnesses. It is advised that activities that are any centering strenuous or too rigorous would not be suitable for mentally-ill patients with cardiovascular conditions. Also, in order to prevent any form of musculoskeletal injuries, the duration and intensity of exercises should be increased gradually. It is therefore clear that a full discernment of patients must be carefully done by the divert medical practitioner before such activities are implemented (Richardson, 2005). preceding to outlining the Service Improvement Initiative, I provide start-off outline the theoretical aspects that need to be considered when implementing a new initiative, and how these can be applied in practical terms.Theoretical AspectsIn order to implement a service service initiative and effectively manage the compounds that ensue, a clear understanding of theoretical aspects must take place. In this paper, the theoretical aspects will be drawn from John Kotters mod el and Penders Theory of Health Promotion (1996). In the former model, Kotters eight distinct phases will be organized into three broad phases 1) creating a climate for change 2) engaging and enabling the building block organization and 3) implementing and sustaining change (Campbell, 2008). In the latter model, an action can directly motivate the behaviour of others through an extensive and rigorous plan of commitment from which the assess benefits will result (Pender, 1996). This author will examine theoretical aspects such as change counseling responsibility and responsibility, leadership and trouble skills, and professional/inter-professional collaboration.The first phase will focus on the importance of urgency, the building of guiding groups and getting the vision discipline. In fact, it is particularly important that a multi-disciplinary group has a sense of urgency in achieving the programmes aims. The team must possess four main skills as highlighted by Campbell (20 08) up-to-date fellowship astir(predicate) the prerequisite changes, an ability to justify and add credibility to the changes, awareness of any relevant association on the changes and a sense of leadership in carrying out the changes. Moreover, the vision of the team must be summarised into a short-statement that encapsulates the goals of the initiative. Thus, in the case of the service improvement initiative, it is pivotal that the team of nurses and other staff has exposure to the benefits of physical and mental activities. This can be achieved through a day of seminars given by external scholars and practitioners, as well as take-away booklets and handouts that emphasise the need for integrating physical activity into healthcare.The second phase involves communicating the proposed changes that will enable action to take place. On the communication of the proposed changes, it is vital that all individuals have-to doe with in the initiative are nailly knowledgeable about the changes that are being proposed. There must be a constant dialogue among the people involved to ensure that all parties are kept in the loop (Campbell, 2008). In fact, a clear communication strategy is also important for fosterage sufficient funds for a server improvement initiative. In order to garner twain emotional and financial support, it is imperative that the short-term and long-term benefits of a service improvement initiative are communicated. For example, in the case of the service-user initiative for improving physical activity, the importance of improving the patient eff and the overall clinical outcome needs to be emphasised.Finally, the third phase highlights the importance of keeping a momentum when implementing change By creating a drive and motivation amongst employees, it becomes necessary to ensure that change does not become institutionalized but is a forward-looking process (Campbell, 2008). According to Kotter, culture change comes last. In other words, whe n change has been successfully implemented for a original(prenominal) period of time, that is when military capabilitys and opinions change. In light of this, one would expect that it would take a certain amount of time for the service user initiative to become rooted in the culture of the health-care community.Other important theoretical aspects that also need to be discussed include accountability and responsibility. It is important that each member of the multidisciplinary team, in particular the nursing staff, are vigilant in maintaining both accountability and responsibility. In this case, responsibility is equivalent to the duty of care in law. This applies to all nursing tasks, from simple things such as bathing a patient to complex ones such as surgery. There is a certain degree of risk in any nursing task. When practitioners accept responsibility to perform a task, they must ensure that they accomplish it with competence and at least to the accepted standard (Scrivener, 2011).Accountability is commonly prepared as an inherent confidence as a professional that allows a nurse to take pride in being transparent about the way he or she has carried out their practice (Caulfield, 2005, p.24). This reflects the positive aspect of accountability and puts focus on the exploitation and demonstration of competence in practice (Scrivener, 2011). The Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC, 2008) states that all nurses are accountable for their own actions in practice. As the last few years have seen a rise in litigation for nurses (Diamond, 1995), accountability can be a source of anxiety for nurses. It is therefore imperative that nurses follow unyielding protocols and guidelines, verifying when unsure and being constantly alert to new situations and information.In relation to responsibility and accountability, according to the NMC, nurses must always ensure that they take complete responsibility for their actions, and always act in according to what is agreed with their patients, their families and carers, and in line with the laws of professional health bodies (Scrivener, 2011). Given these guidelines, in my service improvement initiative, I will ensure that the appropriate responsibility is handed to managers and nurses. Whilst the manager will be ultimately accountable and oversee and be the primary point of arrive at regarding the actions of the nurses and other staff, there will also be others responsible such as administrative staff. It is therefore inborn that there are good precaution and leadership practices in place so that nurses should have to achieve the proper provision of health care.Another important theoretical aspect to consider is the importance of managing in order to achieve the goals of an organization. Thomas and Worley (2009) describe management as a process of coordinating actions and allocating resources to achieve organizational goals. Similarly, Hersey and colleagues (2001) explained that management is a w ay of behaveing with and through individuals and groups to accomplish organizational goals. The researchers identified management as a special kind of leadership that concentrates on the achievement of organization goals. Koontz and Weihrich (2008) utter that management is the process of organizing and maintaining an environment in which individual puzzle outing together in groups efficiently accomplishes selected goal or aims. In application to nursing profession, Sullivan and Decker (2011) fix management as the abilities to plan, manage, organize and deliver care. It includes the process of discovering a good way of caring for patients. The goals of the service improvement initiative must therefore be clearly structured and outlined to ensure that both individuals and groups can work towards the initiatives aims which are to improve the quality of patient care.Leadership may be determined as the ability to direct and influence the task or activities of the members of a group in its efforts to achieve certain objectives (Huczynski & Buchanan 2007). These authors further define leadership as the process of influencing the activities of an organized group in its efforts towards creating an environment focused on goal achievement. Mullins (2007) stated that leadership is a relationship through which one person influences the behavior or action of other people. According to Gopee and Galloway (2009), the key elements of leadership are leaders personal characteristics, interpersonal relationships, team working and being a role model. They also identified four styles of leadership which include autocratic, democratic, laissez-faire and bureaucratic. In the context of nursing, Sullivan and Garland (2010) list legion(predicate) leadership and managerial skills required from a nurse. These skills range from the initiation and implementation of change, critical thinking, problem-solving, effective communication, time-management, appropriate delegation, budgeting and allocating resources and understanding power and politics. In the service improvement initiative, it is therefore important for nurses to acquire both leadership and management skills to be able to function effectively (Marquis and Huston, 2009). In fact, Barr and Dowding (2008) explained that management and leadership skills should be integrated in order to provide high-quality care to the patients.Finally, another critical element for a successful implementation of the service improvement initiative is a culture of inter-professional collaboration. The World Health Organization defines inter-professional collaboration as a process in which multiple health workers from different professional backgrounds work together with patients, families, carers, and communities to deliver the highest quality of care. An expert panel of Inter-professional Education Collaborative (2011) defines inter-professional competencies in health care as integrated enactment of knowledge, skills, and va lues/attitudes that define working together across the professions, with other health care workers, and with patients, along with families and communities, as appropriate to improve health outcomes in special(prenominal) care contexts. In the context of the service improvement initiative, a panel of inter-professionals will be involved from the first day to actual implementation to ensure that the highest quality of care is given to patients.The Service Improvement InitiativeTo improve the nursing services in the ward, I plan to execute a sextette-month program involving 10 adolescent patients from the ages of 10-17, from the psychological ward. Patients will be invited to partake in a range of physical activities, such as exercise and sports, as well as bear in mind games. The overall aim of this initiative is to establish whether such activities have any effect on the behavior or wellbeing of patients. A secondary aim of the initiative is to explore various aspects of the deliv ery of care, taking into consideration the different theoretical aspects of the nursing practice.The budget will be need to be nearly decided in liaison with the manager to ensure that there is sufficient funding for purchasing the sport equipment and the personnel for facilitating and monitoring physical activities. Although the programme is to be conducted in a normal hospital setting, funding will also need to be allocated for the services of the experts and all the administrative and logistical aspects of the initiative. Whilst as a nurse, I can initiate the set of activities for patients, I will need to draw on the assistance and expertise of other medical practitioners for the intervention to be successful.It will also be necessary to set up a multidisciplinary team that will aid in the implementation and completion of the initiative. Team members will be psychiatrists, physical therapists, mental health practitioners, and other experts. It is particularly important to draw o n the expertise of a Physical Therapist as it is essential to determine the capabilities of mentally ill individuals when it comes to engaging in physical activities. Psychiatrists also play an important role in assessing the clinical outcomes of patients within a certain time-frame.Given previous research on the risks of physical activity for mentally ill patients (Richardson, 2005), careful considerations shall also be made to ensure that the types of physical activity will see on the psychological condition of the patient and all physical activities will be limited to light exercise and light sports, such as table tennis.The assessment of the clinical outcomes of the service improvement initiative for adolescent patients will take place on a weekly basis. The assessment criteria will be decided by consulting experts and mental health practitioners. The amount of exercise given in the following week will then depend on the clinical results of the patients at the end of the week. This allows a continuous assessment of patient improvement.It is important to note that the proposed initiative may face a list of challenges. These challenges include the specific culture of a workplace in which some staff may oppose the change, funding costs, fear of increase in work load amongst nurses and a subsequent increase in staff anxiety level (Paton and McCalman, 200 Sharma, 2008).Professional Development PlanIntroductionIn this section, I will focus on one of the aspects of my personal development which I intend to concentrate on within the first six months of registration. In my personal development plan I will explore my strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) and write an action plan that is specific, measurable, achievable, realistic and timely (SMART).Using the reflective tools and SWOT analysis (Appendix B), I have identified my strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats, One of the main areas of expertise where I see the weakness and wher e I would like to see improvements in my knowledge and abilities in the management of medicinal drugs.Being a nurse does not only require clinical skills but also good leadership, management and communication skills that are learned from practice. attain Plan Administration of medicaments is a key element of nursing care. Drug administration is one of the major parts of the nurses clinical role. Although doctors traditionally take control of prescribing medicines, a registered nurse does have primary responsibility in administering the correct dosage of medicines. Nurses are responsible regarding the preparation of medicine, verifying and checking appropriate medication, monitoring the effectiveness of treatment and in certain cases, reporting any adverse drug reactions. Given research findings that patients do not always get hold the correct medication at their drug rounds, nurses must be vigilant in ensuring appropriate medicine management (Andalo, 2006).However, there has been evidence that medicine management has not been given considerable priority by health care services, and that it is commonly excluded from pre-registration training or in practice (Snowden, 2011). The development of competency in medicine management requires an explicit academic component is present. This is particularly important given recent ill lucks such as those highlighted in Francis Report (Wright, 2013). In this report, Robert Francis revealed the failure among nurses and healthcare assistants to feed patients and give them the basic elements of care such as dignity and respect. Initiatives to combat such behaviour in the future included retention nurses personally and criminally accountable, as well as holding hospital boards responsible should they fail to ensure that all patients are receiving high quality care (Wright, 2013). As I am a student who is in the transition period to a staff nurse, I am aware of the changing responsibilities and accountability that are inhe rent to being a nurse.Personal Development PlanNagelkerk (2005) highlights the importance of setting and identifying goals that are intrinsic to your personal development, as it allows you to reflect on your practice and also highlight your strengths and weaknesses, which gives you the opportunity to initiate and implement change.With this in mind, I plan to draw on Snowdens clusters on essential skills for medicine management. This is relevant to the current service improvement initiative as it highlights the need for pertly registered nurses to be completely briefed on patient history and able to responsible administer medicines (Snowden, 2011).Moreover, I will draw on the SMART (Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic and Time) bound framework to set a time scale for my action plan. I will also draw on Snowdens clusters on essential skills for medicine management as it is a parsimonious model that allows me to evaluate educational needs and professional development.During t he first month of the programme, I will ensure that I am completely knowledgeable of the commonly administered medicines that the patients are taking, their actions and side effects. I will do this by liaising with doctors and psychiatrists, and also attending weekly ward rounds.Within the second month, I intend to increase my confidence when it comes to managing my medication round effectively using the eight rights checklist right medication, right patient, right dose, right time, right date, right route, right preparation and right documentation (Morgan, 2000). I will also develop my knowledge of pharmacology such as the interaction of medicines with different systems of the form.In the third and fourth months of training, I will build up my knowledge on the necessary techniques for administering medicine. I will attend a serial publication of sessions on medicine management as well as observe trained professionals. This is in line with research that nurses must constantly build their body of knowledge and develop their professional skills (Burton & Ormrod, 2011).The fifth and sixth months will focus on the application of the knowledge I acquired. This is where safety management, administration and monitoring of drugs come in. I will practice my skills in ordering medication, their storage and disposal of used medication. I intend to keep a reflective diary about all that I learnt from my own experience and experience of colleagues.The support and assistance of an experienced professional is very important and vital for a newly sufficient nurse to gain confidence and practice effectively (NMC, 2008). With the right support and guidance from experienced colleagues, I should be able to manage medications safely and effectively. This will greatly enhance my professional confidence.Having clearly identified my goals and assigned a time limit to achieve them will help me to monitor my progress. I will work hard to make sure that my goals are achievable within the clinical setting.ConclusionOver the course of this paper, it has become clear that the responsibilities of a newly registered nurse are vast. The transition from a student to a nurse is not without its challenges and requires continuous training, support and guidance. To ensure that I am progressing in my knowledge of nursing, I will constantly engage in evaluations and assessment of my learning. For example, I will verify my learning in accordance with the standards of the Nursing and Midwifery Council. extension AService Improvement Activity Notification ProformaDetails of service improvement project/activityThe main aim of the Service Improvement Initiative is to provide physical activity to mentally ill adolescents aged 10-17 years. The initiative will assess the clinical outcomes following the physical activity intervention, as well as the development of nursing skills needed for the efficient and effective delivery of care.Reason for developmentBased on my observations in a psychological ward for adolescents aged 10-17 years, there are no opportunities to be involved in activities such as sports (darts, snooker, etc.). These activities are proven to provide multiple benefits to the service users, both in terms of physical fitness and mental health.Time spent on the project/activityThe program will take place over a span of six months.Resources usedThere are a number of resources needed for this initiative. Resources include sufficient funding for paying for the services of team members and experts, as well as a range of sporting equipment, such as table tennis tables.Who was involvedA multidisciplinary team consisting of a group of nurses a physical therapist, psychiatrists, mental health practitioners, and other experts will be set up.Future plansThe initiative will be implemented in six (6) months. It is hoped that the program will become successful and beneficial for the service users and the multidisciplinary team.APPENDIX B StrengthsGood commun ication skills,Good team playerPositive attitudeGood interpersonal skillsMotivated and enthusiasticResponsible WeaknessesAssertiveness care for management skillsProfessional boundary issues Opportunities Access to trainingLearning from other members of inter-professional team.Education, development and researchEffective supervisionEffective feedbackThreats Lack of timeStaff attitude on wardStaff shortageMy inexperience APPENDIX C Objective 1. Improve my knowledge of medication management. Where I am nowInsufficient knowledge about medication. GoalTo become competent in medication management. Action planRead British National FormularyCheck NICE guidelines on medicationWork with colleagues on the ward.Administering medication regularly with supervisionTime 2 weeks1- week1- weekcontinuouslyEvaluationSelf-evaluation and evaluation by experienced professionals 2. Develop good knowledge of NICE guidelines on medication and current government policies on medication.Insufficient know ledge of NICE on medication management.Competency and ability to practice independently.Read through NICE guidelines on medication (internet, Nursing publications)Administering medication regularly with supervision. 2-month.Self- evaluation and evaluation by experienced professionals 3. Attend training on medication. Insufficient knowledge of certain medicinesGood knowledge about drugs, their use, dosages and side effectsAttend training and seminars on medication 4-monthReflects on the experience gained, discuss with mentor 4. Develop confidence in ordering medication, organising its storage and disposal. Inadequate knowledgeAbility to practice with confidenceActively participate in the daily running of the ward 6-monthEvaluation by mentor and reflecting on practiceREFERENCESAndalo, D. (2006). Medicines management in English care homes a grim and chaotic picture. The Pharmaceutical Journal. 276, 198-199.Barker, P., (2005). The tidal model A guide for mental health professionals. Lo ndon Routledge.Barr, J. & Dowding, L. (2008). Leadership and Healthcare. London keen-witted Publications Limited.Beebe, L. H., Tian, L., Morris, N., Goodwin, A., Allen, S. S., & Kuldau J. ( 2005) Effects of exercise on mental and physical health parameters of persons with schizophrenia. Ment Health Nurs, 26, 661-676.Benloucif, S. (2004). break of day or Evening Activity improves neuropsychological performance and subjective sleep quality in older adults. Sleep, 27(8), 1542-1550.Briles, J. (2005). 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Internal Control Essay

4. Organisation backgroundinkwell Limited is a manufacturer of re-cycle inkjet and laser t integrityr printer cartridges. inkstand Limited printer cartridge is widely applicable. The main commercial focus is on strong retail market that demand cheaper and greener productsinkwell Ltd has a bring together of small main suppliers that produce4.1 Inkwell Limited is a limited telephoner, established in 2003. The head office and Warehouse is based in Birmingham western Midland.4.2 Their business model is to offer a part exchange facility whereby customer either post used cartridge to the companys on the line shop or physically take them onto one of over 60 shops in the companys chain that are situated in all major UK cities, and many large towns. If customers do bring their old cartridge in they are then given a 10% snub against the cost of a replacement cartridge.4.3 Its mains mission is to save customers money by not compromising quality and at the same meter help break a greener e nvironmental future by better use of inkjet and toner cartridge.4.3 Inkwell is a company, mainly owned by shareholders. The managing director own the most come of share, while some(prenominal) the sale director and the finance director own equal shares.4.4 The three directors and the company accountant are the main decision makers in the company with the help of managers and supervisors.4.5 The shop managers are responsible for their own staff by preparing rotas and ensuring adequate staff coverage for all of the opening hours of their shop.4.6 Finance, Marketing and gross revenue are the main departments In Appendix a there are a organisation Chart.5. Structure and Function of the accounting System at Inkwell See Appendix a for Organisation Chart5.1 Inkwell is a tall structure company. They are different levels of people, apiece level is control by the level above. This very common of such a big organisation where each level is centralised.5.2 The accounting function is a small section of Inkwell Limited. It consist of Anil Gupta as the Finance Director who his fully responsible for all finance, legal and accounting procedures and systems. This in tail producing the company annual report, shareings with all banking and finance issues. Michael OPanye the Company Accountant, whos duties are producing the monthly management report, approving all payments to suppliers. However his main role is to manage the depart of the accounting technicians and clerks.5.3 Alex Fox, account technician compiling this report, have worked for Inkwell for the past 6 months reviewing the companys systems and procedures pin pointing any recommend charges where needed. The main duties thats cover within the account department by others consist of sales and purchase ledger entries, preparing suppliers payment, payment allocation, money book entry, petty cash summary, cost analyst, bank reconciliation, payroll run and personal data up keep.6. Weakness and finding of the current s ystem6.1 A SWOT analysis has been carried extinct on the current accounting function in Inkwell showing the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threat (Appendix ) From the SWOT analysis it can be seen that there are the undermentioned key weaknesses in the payroll process.6.2 System Integration Whiles the payroll is integrated with the personnel data system, allowing them to talk to one another, information could be sent from one application to the other, it is not been used to its full potential due to time consuming caused by lack of experience and knowledge6.3 Hourly paid The periodical hourly paid staff pay is calculated manually from a hebdomadally rota prepared by the shop managers. This situation is not sample its open to mistakes and potential to fraud. By simply installing online time clock terminals lets managers control where employees clock in/out from by setting up specific time clock locations and shift plannings web-based time clock software gets rid of the need for expensive stand-alone equipment while streamlining the process of time sheet management allowing the payroll clerk to take work data direct to payroll.6.4 Time Management The payroll clerk is responsible for managing a weekly payroll Including calculating overtime worked and sales commission for over 60 shops, two separate monthly payrolls (the total employee is around 180) issues all statutory forms inevitable by HMRC, and the annual tax returns, updating and maintaining the personnel database. Managing a vast work load is very difficult and any possible ways of modify the processes to make them more efficient should be taken advantage of. By installing an online time clock terminal can allow mangers to plan shifts automatically. It shrivel the time spent calculating individual time sheets and allow the payroll clerk the information direct to payroll.6.5 Knowledge The payroll clerk is responsible for the both the payroll and the personnel database which is integra ted. As the payroll clerk only had one-day in house intensive training course on the system therefore the payroll found it difficult to get to grips with both the payroll and the personnel data system after honorable one days of training. By the company supplying training, the payroll clerk can perform more efficient and feel more confident.6.6 Commission All sales staff and shop managers recognise a commission of 2% each on the first 4000.00 of sales per month, and 5% on any sales over that figure, this is based on for each shop rather than the individual. Inkwell Ltd have over 60 shops, with 3 or 4 employee per shop with annual turnover of 16 million jampack would suggest the average amount per shop per week is 5,128.00. Every shop staff including managers would be paid commission each month6.7 These four factors abstraction the main problems affecting the accounting function payroll. The commission to all shop staff is one of most obvious cost effective that could be salvag e each month, due to weekly intakes from each shop over 5,000.00. Not only would Inkwell save a great deal of money which in turn could be sent on other things such as improving the performance of the accounting system.6.8 Cutting the commission to just individual per shop would mean also the Less time spent preparing the figures for bonuses, more hours gain to do other Things

Law and Order in Civil Society

The natural rightfulnesss that g overn us in the UK are often used to let out the freedoms that we enjoy. in that respect are no political prisoners (although follows of Julian Assange may disagree), freedom of speech is wide practiced and people lavatory go about their line of credit without fear of persecution. It has non always been this way in the UK, but a succession of investigations, inquiries and laws bought in since the 1980s had bought Britain to this place. Robert Leach describes Law Making as ostensibly the or so important function of parliament. (Leach, 2006, P233). Lets start by looking at the law as a whole.The law is essentially to protect its citizens. Laws passed down by the central powers, investigated and en hostd by the law force and the Judiciary will determine the level of punishment if necessary. Laws dont just ensure that people cant commit murders, robbery or vandalism but will as healthy as cover how your employer may treat you and the obligation s they have to support you as an employee. Laws will also affect how one companies do business with another and how you drive your car. Law affects us as an individual on a daily basis, not just when we have done something wrong.There are more different variations of laws. International law will affect how nations interact with each other. National law is the law of the land, and can vary widely between states. In the United Kingdom corporal and capital punishment has been removed, but corporal punishment can still be found in some states such as Iran and capital punishment can be found in more developed nations such as the USA and India. In the UK THE National legal system is broken into three that of England & Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. National laws will fall into one of two categories again public & private. (Martin, 2007, p1)Public law will involve the government or the state, and there are three main types of public law Constitutional Law covering electoral or dem ocratic issues and disputes Administrative Law looking at how the state is allowed to operate Criminal Law the application, enforcement and punishment of the individuals who break clearly stated law. (ibid, p2)Private law sees no state involvement, as the disputes are ones of a private matter. This could be an individual who felt that the new television he or she bought was not up to the standard advertised (contract law), a brother and sister trying to settle their late fathers will (family law) or a PLCs obligations to their shareholder (company law). There are many more forms of private law and many laws laid down to regulate the state in which we live. (ibid, p3)As we can see, the laws in this country cover many different areas and many different groups. The laws are there to protect the people. Without laws, there would be anarchy. In the early 19th Century an man called John capital of Texas defined law as cosmos a command issued from a superior (the State), to an inferior (the individual) and enforced by sanctions. Some would consider this an inaccurate description as the law (and the State) can be challenged in the 21st Century. (ibid, p9)The Police are the front line force of law enforcement. They are responsible for investigate crimes, gathering evidence and deciding whether to charge a suspect. They play a wide and important role in the overall application of the law. The Police hove powers over suspected criminals that can be used to assist the conviction of the guilty. However, the police have been criticised for abusing their powers, occasionally leading to serious miscarriages of justice as the well pick out cases of the Guildford 4 and the Birmingham 6 demonstrated, and it was incidents such as these that led to the introduction of chiliad. (Elliott, 2010, p384).The Police and Criminal Evidence act 1984 (PACE) was introduced to modernise the power of policed in the UK as a result of an inquiry led by the Royal Commission on Common Proced ure (RCCP). PACE provides the code of practice that police forces have to await by. Failure to comply with PACE can lead to misconduct charges against a police officer. As PACE is a code of practice rather whence an Act of Parliament it can be easily amended if necessary. (Malcolm, 2007, p154) The codes cover several areas Code A deals stop and depend powers, Code B gives powers to search premises and seize property, Code C deals with detention treatment and suspect questioning, Code D relates to identification procedures, Code E deals with tape-recording suspect interviews, Code F guides on visual recording with sound interviews, Code G on arrest powers and Code H terrorism suspects under the Terrorism Act (2000). (Martin, 2007, p149).PACE affects every police officer in the country, but police forces in the UK are traditionally run as local police forces. The theory prat having a more decentralised approach was to create links to the community being policed and reduce the ris k of Police oppression. A more centralised approach was taken with the Police Magistrates Courts Act (1994) which allowed the kin secretary to set objectives for all UK police authorities. The power increased further with the Police Reform Act (2002) and the household Secretary will now produce an annual National Policing Plan which will set strategic policing policies for Police Forces in England and Wales. (Elliott, 2010, p382)The Bichard inquiry into the murders of Holly Wells and Jessica Chapman in 2002 was heavily critical of the Humberside police (ibid, p382). Published in June 2004 the inquiry noted that the failings of the Humberside Police were systemic and corporate (Bichard, 2004, p7). Despite the effects of this report, the Chief Constable of Humberside Police refused to resign. The Home Secretary suspended the Police chief, who challenged the legality of this action. The matter went to court where the Home Secretarys right was upheld. Since the inquiry the Police and Justice Act (2006) has increased the powers of the Home Secretary over the Police. (Elliott, 2010, p382)It is not just the Home Secretary that has powers over the police, but ordinary citizens as well. Should they wish to make a complaint to a police authority then this must(prenominal) be recorded by that police authority. The police must obtain and/or preserve evidence which is relevant to the complaint. Minor complaints can be dealt with by an acknowledgement of the error and a formal apology. If the complaint is upheld for a serious matter then senior figures form the police force will investigate and take any appropriate disciplinary action. If the complaint relates to a senior officer, the matter will be investigated by a reprint police force. (Martin, 2007, p165)The Independent Police Complaints Commission (IPCC) exists to supervise the complaints procedure against police officers and staff and will set out and enforce the standards which must be followed. The IPCC also ha s powers to investigate any serious issues they may discover or that are bought to its attention (Martin, 2007, p166). This was the case with John Charles De Menezes when his family make a formal complaint in 2005 (IPCC website accesses 29/12/2010).The IPCC is designed to protect the people form those whose role is to protect the people. Acts such as PACE exist to give clear guidelines as to what a police officer can and cant do, yet there is an inevitable clash with Civil Rights issuesIn order investigate criminal suspects and criminal act effectively the Police will need to have powers to stop and search individuals, to enter a persons house and make arrests if they suspect an individual is guilty of a crime. The power to interview and interrogate suspects and hold them in detention if necessary is a vital part of the investigative process. These are indisputable facts, and the power the police have over the individual is great. So what of civil rights? Anyone who is suspected o f a crime should be safe in the knowledge that they will not be tortured, beaten(a) or have a false confessions taken from them. (Davies, 2007, p153).In light of events in recent years police may need to show that a suspect has not been chosen as a suspect because of their race or ethnicity. The BBC documentary the Secret Policeman first aired in October 2003. Film-maker Mark Daley went undercover in a police training camp to find out if the police was an institutionally racist organisation. Despite the reporter decision that this was not the case, there were several instances of clearly racist and bigoted behaviour which was described by the chairman of the Commission for Racial Equality as sincerely yours shocking. (BBC Website accessed 29/12/10)Following the documentary ten police officers involved resigned and twelve more were disciplined and three police trainers were removed by-line a Police Complaints Authority (PCA) investigation, in agreement with the Independent Police Complaints Commission (IPCC). The Campaign for Racial Equality launched a formal inquiry and made 125 recommendations for change. (BBC Website accessed 29/12/10)A topical issue of recent times concerns the policing of demonstrations. On 01 April 2009 Ian Tomlinson was assaulted at the G20 demonstrations in London. Although not a participant of the demonstrations, the Mr Tomlinson was in the area at the time of the protest. Later that day he seemingly died of a heart attack. A short while later, The Guardian released footage showing Mr Tomlinson being violently pushed to the ground by a policeman shortly before he died. A second autopsy alleged that Mr Tomlinson had died of internal injuries. (Elliott, 2010, p416). Allegations of Mr Tomlinson being beaten by police prior to the footage of him being forced to the ground by an officer continue, and a full inquiry will begin on twenty-eighth March 2011 (www.iantomlinsonfamilycampaign.org.uk accessed 05/01/11).The debate between polic e powers and civil rights will continue over the next few years from 2011. The outcome of miscarriages of justice such as the Guildford 4 and the Birmingham 6 led to the introduction of PACE. The Secret Policeman documentary sprung from the MacPherson report into the murder of Stephen Lawrence which called the police institutionally racist. The death of Ian Tomlinson, as well as the recent clashes between police and demonstrators over university tuition fees in November and December 2010 and the Polices use of the Kettling technique, has called into question the policing of demonstrations. With more demonstrations planned for 2011 as well as the results inquiry into the death of Ian Tomlinson, police power and accountability will debated again.The simple truth is that police officers need the rational-legal authority to investigate and prevent criminal action. Without it they could not effectively enforce the law. None the less, civil liberties that many people have fought and died must be protected. Malcolm Davies is right when he says that legislation on police powers must balance conflicting needs of crime prevention and due process (Davies, 2007, p153).

Child Observation Report

Such studies ar inducted by scientists or res spindlechers wanting to study the behavior of an organism (including humans) in a natural setting. It can be effectual in collecting data that clearly reflects the constraints of an organisms shape environment and in the case where experimental techniques would be impractical or unethical. This report chalk outs the data self-possessed during the sessions with each child. Will refer to Piglets cognitive Development Theory to demonstrate how it is useful in determining different stages of development. I will also outline my reflexions of both children in terms of where they fit in regards to PigletsCognitive Development Theory. Setting My observations were of dickens siblings a four year old girl and a volt year old boy. I made arrangements to do the observation through a friend of mine, who has two children under the age of six. I brook cognise this family for three years. The first observation was of the four year old girl (M) , which took place on rarified 19, 2014 starting at 223 pm outside in the backyard of their home. Present was her older brother (T 5 years old), her mother (J), a female friend of the family (C), a medium sized German shepherd, who is the family dog (K) and myself.The backyard was quite colossal with a large revive center with a lilt set attached. The sky was a little clouded over, moreover it was still warm outside. The adults were academic session on the deck around the patio table. The children were told was there to do some work. They did not re onlyy pay too a good deal attention to me. I interacted a little with the adults at the table so that I did not bump into out of place to the children. My presence did not await to affect the children at all. Sat with my chair facing the whole backyard so that I could see the children at all times.The second observation was of the five ear old boy I made arrangements with the mother to do the second observation with this child later the same week. The observation took place on August 22, 2014 at 108 pm outside in the backyard of their home. This family is preparing to move in one week therefore the backyard Was the best place to do the observation at the home. Present was his younger sister (M- 4 years old), his mother 0), a medium sized German shepherd, who is the family dog (K) and myself. The backyard was quite large with a large impart center with a shed set attached.The sky was a little clouded over, but it was till warm outside. The mother and I were sitting on the deck around the patio table. The children were told I was there again to do some work. They again did not really pay too oft attention to me. I interacted a little with their mother at the table so that did not seem out of place to the children. My presence did not seem to affect the children at all. Sat with my chair facing the whole backyard so that could see the children at all times. Results l. Self-concept M pointed out that she did her hair all by herself when C arrived and M also denominateed C her new purse.M also shows the qualification to scribe how she is feeling about her brother s actions, l don t the like it when T hits me with his sword or when she tells T, I want to be alone right now. . Gross travel Skills M present unprocessed motor skills indicative off convening 4 year old. During the time of observation she dis dramatic evented running around the backyard both with her brother and with the family dog, walking over to the play center, climbing over the chair on the deck, somersaults in the grass and jumping off the chair and off the family friends lap. Ill. Fine Motor Skills M demonstrated normal fine motor skills.She trim open her fruit knack package with scissors without difficulty. She put on her own shoes (fastened believer) on the correct feet forwards freeing outside to play. IV. Vocal & Language Development M demonstrated the qualification to form clock times more than 4 to 6 words. For example l told you I want to be alone. She showed the ability to ask Why questions. She shows an understanding of prepositions when her mother told her that her purse was behind her. She does, however accept some grammatical difficulties and hoi polloi other than her family do pass on difficulty deciphering what she is separateing at times.According to ere mother she has been seen by a Speech & Language Pathologist and will be functional with them on her speech. V. Social & Emotional Development M showed a lot of interest in play with her brother however was also fine playing with the family dog as well. She appeared to really enjoy the imaginative play with her brother while playing the sword fight however did upset easily if the plot of land was not going her way and did change the rules quite a bit to her brothers dismay. She was quite distracted by the family dog and tended to her a lot.She displayed some difficulty with object lesson reasoning on he swing set when she was calling her brother a party pants repeatedly until he got upset. When her brother kept acquire in trouble instead of her she did not seem to be aware of his feelings when he was upset, instead she kept antagonizing him. VI. Cognitive Development M understands the concept of mathematical group and matching as displayed when she was helping her mother with the puzzle and when taking items out of her purse. She also showed the ability to count from 1 to 10 when she was taking the items out of her purse.She showed the ability to identify secondary colors when showing the family friend her new pink purse. She was able to answer simple questions. She was also able to identify common objects and what they are used for for example the family dogs evening gown, scissors, hat. Results (Child T) l. Gross Motor Skills T demonstrated gross motor skills indicative of a normal 5 year old. During the time of observation he displayed running around the backyard, skipping, jumpin g, walking on just his hands, doing handstands, and hanging on the bars upside down on the play centre.II. Fine Motor Skills T demonstrated normal fine motor skills. He put on his own shoes (fastened by velour) on the correct feet before going outside to play. He was able to use scissors to open his sour patch kids, which was his snack that afternoon. Ill. Vocal & Language Development T demonstrated the ability to form sentences more than 4 to 6 words. For example Im goanna throw it really high, There is a wasp in your ear, Can I strike friends over later? He demonstrated the ability to ask why questions. He does not have any speech or grammatical difficulties.He appears to have met all of his developmental milestones for his age. VII. Social & Emotional Development It is quite apparent that T really enjoys imaginative play and is able to accomplish this either with others or by himself. He did not partake in any imaginative play with his sister this time however did do some imagin ative play on his own pretending to be a gymnast who was displaying his talents for a crowd, as he bowed for people when he completed a stunt on the bars or completed a handstand. He also engaged in imaginative play with the family dog pretending she was his dragon.He also is able to parley quietly to himself while playing on his own, but does not seem to be talking to a third person or imaginary friend. VIII. Cognitive Development T understands the concept of grouping and matching as displayed when he was putting all the same lord sour patch kids to bring forthher and separating them. He also noted which ones had less in each group than the others. He let those for last. He demonstrated the ability to count from 1 to 10 and demonstrated the ability to identify primary colors. He was able to answer simple questions.He was also able to identify common objects and what they are used for for example the family dogs ball and scissors. Discussion Integration of behavior with theory Acco rding to Piglets Cognitive Development Theory (Beer, 201 0, p. 31 8), both children are in the practicable stage (2-7), and they expatriate normally. They are classified as operational children, because the definition of the operational stage is as follows ages between 2-7, preschool children use symbols to represent their early sentiments discoveries.The development of language and progress to play takes place however, thinking lacks the logic of the two remaining stages. T is a very active child. He has been in pre kindergarten over the last year and has been very socialized between school, extra-curricular activities, playground and playmates with friends. He is on a soccer team as well and enjoys this very much his mother says. T was quite active on the play centre this afternoon, especially on the hanging bars showing off his ability to hang upside down. He also displayed his ability to swing on the swings while standing on the swing instead of sitting on it.He is quite a da ring child. He was engaging in make-believe play acting as though he was doing these stunts for an audience as after each stunt he would get up and bow to the imaginary audience. M was happily swinging on the swing set, petting her dog, doing somersaults in the grass and drawing in the mud with a stick. She has the ability to keep herself busy and is happy to do so. She also enjoyed make-believe play with her brother playing a sword fight. Make-believe play increases in sophistication during the pre-school years (Beer, 2010, p. 318).M used her stick as her sword during the sword fight and as her magic wand later on during the observation. This demonstrates her ability to array her make-believe roles and pretend with less realistic toys (Beer, 2010, p. 318). M and T were both using the play center together happily. M fell off her swing and T went up and hit M for no reason and walked over to K, the family dog. T hugs K quite roughly and says Youre my mummy bear and walks away. I hav e noted on both occasions during these observations that T displays a bit of aggression.According to Freud, play can have a cathartic effect, as children try to disembarrass themselves of traumatic events or negative feelings through play. T asks his mother, milliampere, do you have to work today? His mother says No, not today. T asks Why? His mother answers, Because have the day foot spend time with you and your sister. T says, Okay, I like that. His language and understanding of language is well formed and has good sentence structure for his stage in development. His has no beech or grammatical issues. He asks why questions and understands the meaning to the answers to simple questions and answers.M told her brother l want to be alone. Her brother did not leave her alone. M turned to him and said, l told you, want to be alone This demonstrates Ms ability to verbalize her feelings and has a solid cognizance of what she is feeling and thinking and is able to share it with others readily. During the sword fight, M said you be the sword, I will be the gun. T did not like this role change and disagreed. M said, No I am the gun, you are the sword. She continued to e a gun, which seemed to anger T and he started smash M with his sword. M screamed and T got in trouble with his mother.M was able to assign roles however was not able to negotiate well, which is usually indicated during the operational stage. On the play center, M was swinging on the swing and T was on the bar hanging upside down beside her. M calls T a poppy pants. T gets off the bar and hits her swing with his sword. M screams. T goes back to the bar. M calls T a party pants. T hits Ms swing with the sword again. M screams again and calls out to her mom. Mom ignores this. M continues to all T a party pants repeatedly. T starts hitting Ms swing again, as M is screaming.This goes on for five minutes (timed). Mom finally tells T to stop and tells him that if he hits her swing one more time, his sword will be taken away. M proceeds to call T a party pants again. T hesitates to do anything and looks over at mom who is ignoring the situation. M continues to taunt T. Finally, T hits Ms swing and M screams. Its sword is taken away. T asks mom why M is not in trouble for calling him a party pants. Mom does not respond and walks away. M calls T a party pants one last time and leaves the swing. She runs overt mom and gives her a hug and osculate and says I love you mommy.The mother used presentation of punishment to decrease Its undesirable behavior. The warning and punishment had a positive and negative repartee. The positive response was that the behavior was stopped. The negative response was that only one undesirable behavior was punished and stopped. When parents treat their children differently by directly varying amounts Of discipline to the two children, sibling relations are likely to be more conflicting and less friendly if children view these differences as unfair, which I believe T did by his reaction.I found this to be concerning, considering Its amount of aggression he displays in his make-believe play. M also showed a lack of moral reasoning and did not show that she was not aware of Its feelings. M takes her small Barbies out her purse and other figurines and groups all the Barbies together and all the figurines together, which displays the ability to draw appropriate inferences about these objects and shows normal categorization, as with the puzzle she was doing with her mother at the table.M and her brother pretend to hit the family dog with their swords and at times actually hit the dog. They also pretend to cut the dog up with their swords. These behaviors demonstrate animistic thinking believing that their inanimate object (sword) has lifelike qualities and intentions. According to Pigged, because young children egocentrically assign human purposes to physical events, witching(prenominal) thinking is common during the preschool years, (Bee r, 2010, p. 321). Conclusion I enjoyed observing these children very much.I have watched them grow and change over the last three years. I find M very animated and interesting to observe and find T very in touch with his emotions and struggles with them at times. He is very athletic and determined. The reason I chose the childrens home environment is because I felt their own surroundings would be a good way to see what their normal daily routines would be and to see how they interact with family members. I found the backyard a bit limiting and would not choose this setting again.Even though I did not find it was a extensive setting, did manage to collect some good data. As a mother and grandmother, I did find it hard sometimes during these observations not to jump in and say something to the mother when she was ignoring certain behaviors or when her children clearly just needed some attention. So it was hard at times not to interact with the children. However, I knew I had to contr ol that urge as my role was to observe nothing more. I have learned how to observe and evaluate a child in the operational stage.I have learned what milestones to look for and where a child between the ages of 2 to 7 should be developmentally. It gave me a better understanding to physically do the exercising rather than just reading a textbook I see the value in observing two different children, as not all children are alike in development and behavior. Ideally, a different setting for each hill would have been preferred however this family is moving in a week and their home is full of moving boxes, so I settled for the backyard with both children.